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| Author(s): |
Luiz Eduardo Vieira Del Bem
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia |
| Defense date: | 2008-07-25 |
| Examining board members: |
Michel Georges Albert Vincentz;
Anete Pereira de Souza;
Marcos Silveira Buckeridge
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| Advisor: | Michel Georges Albert Vincentz |
| Abstract | |
Introduction: Xyloglucans are the main hemicelulose in most of land plants, especially in eudicots. It is a structural compound of plant cell-wall that interacts with cellulose and can be used as seed's energy storage of many species, like Jatoba (Hymenaea courbaril). Xyloglucan structure is composed of a ß-glucan backbone that it branched with xylose, galactose and fucose. Its degradation machinery is composed by five glycosil hydrolases: XTH, ß-Galactosidase, ß-Glucosidase,?a-Xylosidase and? a- Fucosidase. These enzymes are codified by multigenic families in plant's genomes and it plays a central role in key processes like growth and morphogenesis of plant cells. Jatoba (Leguminosae) is a tropical tree, native of Brazil. It's been used as a model tree in researches of plant's responses to stresses caused by global warming and high atmospheric CO2 concentration. It was observed a 50% increase in biomass of a 100 days Jatoba seedling when grown in a 720 PPM of CO2 atmosphere (two times bigger than today's atmospheric concentration). Understand the transcriptional responses to these stresses can lead to conclusions about how tropical forests will respond to high concentrations of CO2 and global warming. Results: We made cDNA libraries of leaves, stem, cotyledons and roots of 45 days seedlings of Jatoba. A preliminary sequencing of these libraries reveled 103 predict protein sequences (most partial sequences). Phylogenetic analyses of xyloglucan hydrolytic enzymes were conducted using 13 completed genomes and 27 ESTs assemblies, from a wild range of taxonomic groups in the Viridiplantae kingdom. It allowed us to divide XTH's diversity of genes into six homology groups and 19 possible groups of orthologues (PoGOs). ß-Galactosidases were divided into two groups of homologues and 10 PoGOs. ß -Glucosidases were divided into two groups of homologues and two PoGOs. a-Xylosidase were divided into three PoGOs and a-Fucosidase into two PoGOs evolutionarily unrelated. Conclusions and Perspectives: The 103 protein sequences of Jatoba were annotated by comparison to known proteins and will be deposited in international sequences assemblies. As a perspective, the sequencing of Jatoba ESTs will lead to the assembly of its transcriptome, something never done before in a tropical tree. We concluded that XTHs are monophyletic group o genes in Streptophyta, what means they emerged before lands conquest by plants. These genes were progressively amplified in land plants evolution, especially in Angiosperms, what suggests a progressive gain in complexity. We showed evidences of a possible evolutionary relation between plant's XTHs and fungus hydrolases/transglycosylases enzymes. It suggests a eukaryotic ancestral mechanism to control cell expansion and shape based in ß -glucan transglycosylation and its interaction to cellulose (in plants) or chitin (in fungus). The ß -Galactosidases are a monophyletic group in Embryophytas that were divided into nine PoGOs, six PoGOs only appeared in Angiosperms. The ß -Glucosidases belongs to a monophyletic group in Embryophytas that has sequence similarity to bacterial proteins, especially ones from photosynthetic bacteria species. The a-Xylosidases are a PoGO in Spermatophyta that probably emerged from a-Glucosidases presents in all eukaryotes. It's probably a neofunctionalization process. Two evolutionary distinct lineages of a-Fucosidases where found, one monophyletic in Embryophytas and another that belongs to the poorly understood multigenic family "GDSL-motif proteins". We showed that the complete machinery (all the five hydrolases) of Xyloglucan degradation already exists in Spermatophytas common ancestor. As a perspective, we expect to rationalize the functional characterization works among these multigenic families and to contribute in biotechnology processes that pass through cell-wall modification and selective control. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 05/57098-6 - Evaluation of the changes in genic expression in jatobá (Hymenacea courbaril) in the response to increase in the concentration of CO2 |
| Grantee: | Luiz Eduardo Vieira Del Bem |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |