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| Author(s): |
Luis Alberto Ponce Soto
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia |
| Defense date: | 2005-05-30 |
| Examining board members: |
Hiroshi Aoyama;
Daniela Diogenes de Carvalho;
Albetiza Lôbo de Araújo;
José Carlos Cogo
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| Advisor: | Sergio Marangoni |
| Abstract | |
Through optimized methodologies of purification in HPLC, new toxins were purified from total venom of Crotalus durissus collilineatus (V-1), Bothrops jararacussus PLA2 D49 Bj-V (Bj-IV isoform) obtained from the fraction BthTX-II and Bothrops alternatus PLA2 K49 Bt II-2; with a high level of purity and molecular homogeneity, with no loss of biological activity. The new neurotoxin V-1 of Crotalus durissus collilineatus, chemically and physically characterized as unproved of catalytic, acid activity and with a molecular mass of 9859.45 Da, an only polypeptide sequence, induces to a continual facilitation in the biological isolated mouse phrenic nerve diaphragm model of mouse and a pronunciated facility of a subital block in chick biventer cervicis preparation en, in the neuromuscular junction. The structural, neurotoxic and miotoxic studies on PLA2 F6 from crotoxin complex of Crotalus durissus collineatus show crotapotin is necessary (re-association studies) to increase its neurotoxic effect in nerve phrenic diaphragm isolated preparation of mouse, but the PLA2 F6 is able to induce neurotoxity in vitro in ausency of crotopatin in the preparation chick biventer cervicis. Two PLA2 D49 Bj-IV and V were purified from the fraction BthTX-II and considered isoform because they share several chemical and physical characteristics, such as molecular mass, retention time in re-purification in reverse phase HPLC, analyses of amino acid composition, pI and primary structure, although the Bj-V isoform shows some mutations regarding Bj-IV: W3 -> F3, Q4 -> E4, F5 -> W5, I16 -> N16 e G41 -> 41D isoform. Important for the catalytic activity, neurotoxic in vitro effects were maintained and, when catalytically inhibited by crotapotin crotalic of Crotalus durissus collilineatus (F3 e F4), they continued dimishing the contractile reply in neuromuscular junction in nerve phrenic diaphragm isolated preparations of mouse and preparation chick biventer cervicis, which shows they are more pronunciated in the skeleton muscle of the mouse. The new and purified BtII-2 toxin of venom of Bothrops alternatus, with a high level of purity and molecular homogeneity, was characterized as a PLA2 basic K49, because its chemical and physical evidenced characteristics, mass of 13898.71 Da, basic character and a high sequential homology in its primary structure, when it is compared with other PLA2 K49 from venom of serpents. This new PLA2 K49 Bt II-2 has revealed a potent neurotoxic effect in vitro in neuromuscular junction in nerve phrenic diaphragm isolated preparation of mouse (1 µg/mL) ante-synaptic, as it was proved by studies on indirect stimulus through nerve and potential of membrane or rest, differently of some neurotoxic botropic PLA2 that needs a dose above 50 µg/mL to cause a neurotoxic effect. Other biological profiles were studied for the Bt II-2, and the conclusion was a local myotoxic ¿living¿, a cytotoxic in myoblasts and myotubes C2C12, imflammatory and letality activity, showing they are fitted in the family of proteins PLA2 homologous K49, but with particular characteristics in studies on neurotoxic in vitro. The reprodubility of biological activity, through pharmacological effects, is just possible with the utilization of chemically homogenous fractions that maintain the integrity of biological function. These fractions were obtained with high efficient methodologies as HPLC, LC, and mass spectrometry, whose results may be associated with their biological activities, eliminating the subjectivity caused by total venom or impure fractions. This approximation may be applied in the biochemical studies, structure-function, physiological and pharmacological, and it may reveal still unknown mechanisms in the relation structure-function of PLA2 from the venom of serpents. The presence of a pharmacological site different of the catalytic one in the PLA2 may be used as a molecular instrument to the recognition of the receptors of unknown membranes in cells or tissues (AU) | |