Evaluation of the intestinal anti-inflammatory response of proanthocyanidins of Rhizophora mangle in the treatment of experimental colitis induced by trinitro benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice

Author(s)

Felipe Meira de Faria

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
• Defense date: 2013-02-27

Examining board members

Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito; Stephen Hyslop; Claudio Saddy Rodrigues Coy; Adair Roberto Soares dos Santos; Guillermo Schmeda Hirschmann

• Advisor: Alba Regina Monteiro Souza Brito

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprises Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, both are characterized by an immune-mediated chronic inflammatory process in the gut. IBD have been studied over the past few years; undefined etiology and the absence of effective treatments justify these studies. In this scenario, natural products arises as therapeutic alternative, once various studies in animal models have shown efficient treatments. Nowadays, molecules with pronounced pharmacological activities, especially phenolic compounds, have been highlighted. In this work three organic fractions (aqueous - Aq, butanolic - BuOH and ethyl acetate - EtOAc) obtained from Rhizophora mangle barks were evaluated in experimental models of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and 2,4,6-tri-nitro-benzene sulphonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. BuOH (0.5 and 1.5 mg.Kg-1) and EtOAc (1.5 mg.Kg-1) were effective in the DSS-induced model, while BuOH (0.5 mg.Kg-1) and EtOAc (1.5 mg.Kg-1) were also effective in acute TNBS-induced model of colitis, which lead to the evaluation of these last ones in sub-chronic TNBS-induced models of colitis. In this model, both treatments reduced the injury provoked by the instillation of TNBS, although BuOH has shown more efficiency. The evaluation of the mediators involved in these experimental models showed that either BuOH as EtOAc act on the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and myeloperoxidase activities as well as on pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-?), interferon- (IFN-?) and interleukins -1?, 6 and 12 (IL-1, IL-6 and IL-12) levels, and down-regulation of ciclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in the DSS-induced model of colitis. Whereas in the sub-chronic TNBS-induced model of colitis, both fractions showed effects on the GSH-Px and catalase (CAT) activities, and glutathione (GSH), TNF-? and IL-12 levels; EtOAc also reduced IL-6 levels and lead to the enhancement of the levels of an anti-inflammatory cytokine, interlukin-10 (IL-10), on the other hand BuOH showed to be efficient in reducing lipid peroxidation index (TBARS) and MPO activity, acting on the upregulation of cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1). Phytochemistry analysis reveals the presence of oligomeric procyanidins in both fractions, BuOH and EtOAc, suggesting that these substances are responsible for the effects produced by the experimental treatments. BuOH and EtOAc fractions presented important effects on the immune, inflammatory and oxidant components in the experimental models of TNBS and DSS-induced colitis using doses, considered, lower for a mixture of substances. The procyanidins of R. mangle became an interesting alternative therapeutic for IBD (AU)