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| Author(s): |
Amanda Bortolini Silveira
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Biologia |
| Defense date: | 2012-08-27 |
| Examining board members: |
Michel Georges Albert Vincentz;
Celso Eduardo Benedetti;
Renato Vicentini;
Paulo Cavalcanti Gomes Ferreira;
Fabio Tebaldi Silveira Nogueira
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| Advisor: | Michel Georges Albert Vincentz |
| Abstract | |
Epigenetic modifications of DNA or chromatin control of the activity of transposable elements and can also silence genes which are associated to transposons or repetitive sequences. In plants, epigenetic alleles affecting characters such as floral morphology, flowering, stature or fruit ripening have been described, highlighting the potential of this type of regulation in generating heritable phenotypic diversity, not necessarily linked to DNA sequence alterations. However, the impact of epigenetic mechanisms in adaptative evolution is still largely unknown, in part, due to the lack of information about epiallelic variation in natural populations. We have identified Qua-Quine Starch (QQS) of Arabidopsis thaliana as a gene under flexible epigenetic control and thus particularly prone to epiallelic variation in nature. QQS is a recent gene that likely originated de novo in Arabidopsis thaliana in a transposon-rich region. We show that QQS is differentially expressed among natural accessions as well as among individuals directly sampled from the wild and that these expression differences are negatively correlated with the DNA methylation level of repeat sequences located on QQS promoter and 5'UTR region and are not correlated with cis or trans genetic variation. We also show that epiallelic variation at QQS is independent of the methylation status of nearby transposable elements and can be stably inherited across generations. Considering the potential impact of contrasting QQS expression patterns on starch accumulation, an important component of biomass production and growth, we suggest that epiallelic variation at QQS may have adaptative implications. Our data also points for the first time to a potential link between epigenetic mechanisms and the evolution of novel genes. We suggest that novel genes, more specifically those created de novo, could be endowed with an increased potential for epigenetic variation and thus for adjusting their expression pattern until the most adaptive state becomes genetically fixed (AU) | |