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| Author(s): |
Carla Lucchi Pagliaro
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina (FM/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2015-11-04 |
| Examining board members: |
Suelly Cecilia Olivan Limongi;
Claudia Regina Furquim de Andrade;
Zelita Caldeira Ferreira Guedes
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| Advisor: | Suelly Cecilia Olivan Limongi |
| Abstract | |
INTRODUCTION: Prematurity is considered a risk condition, since the anatomical and physiological immaturity predisposes to difficulties for adaptation and evolution in life after birth. The feeding problems presented by premature infants may persist after hospital discharge and might have long term consequences. The study objectives were: (1) to evaluate the oral motor abilities (OMA) of premature infants in three different moments, considering their corrected age (CA) and varying the food consistency: liquids at 4 months, semisolid foods and/or puree at 6 months, and solid foods at 12 months and compare the results with those of a control group (CG), (2) to evaluate the OMA of premature infants divided into two groups, according to their gestational age (GA) at birth: < 34 weeks (w) and > 34w, (3) To analyze whether the neonatal variables prematurity, GA, gender, being small for gestational age (SGA), using a nasogastric feeding tube (NGT), orotracheal intubation at birth, and maternal schooling play a role in the final outcomes of feeding assessments. METHODS: This is an observational longitudinal cross-sectional study, in which infants were divided into CG (n=54) and research group (RG) (n=55). The inclusion criteria for the RG were: premature infants followed-up at the Neonatology outpatient clinic of a university hospital, GA < 37w, birth weight (BW) < 2500g, absence of genetic syndromes and neurological problems. The inclusion criteria for the CG were: full-term infants followed-up at the Pediatrics outpatient clinic of the same hospital, GA >= 37w, BW >= 2500g, absence of genetic syndromes and neurological problems, and no history of feeding difficulties. The SOMA protocol (Schedule for Oral Motor Assessment) was used to evaluate the OMA of both RG and CG subjects in all food consistencies. Fisher\'s Exact test was used in the statistical analysis, considering a significance level of 5% and significance trend between 5 and 10%. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict the association between subjects\' performance on the assessment and the variables prematurity, GA, gender, being SGA, using NGT, orotracheal intubation at birth, and maternal schooling. RESULTS: The premature infants presented normal oral motor function (NOMF) for the liquid consistency using a bottle at 4 months CA (94%), however, the assessment evidenced immaturity for the OMA Lip 3 (tightly sealed lips around the nipple) (p=0.056) and Lip 5 (incomplete sealing of the upper lip) (p=0.098), with a tendency towards significance when compared to full-term infants. At 6 months CA, 73.5% of the RG and 81% of the CG presented NOMF for semisolid foods. Oral motor disorders (OMD) were found in 23.5% of the RG and 9.5% of the CG. For the puree consistency, the RG presented NOMF in 60% and OMD in 40% of the subjects, and the CG presented NOMF in 27.3% and OMD in 72.7% of the subjects. At 12 months, both the RG and the CG presented good performances in the OMA assessed with solid food consistency; however, it was evidenced immaturity on the OMA Lip 1 (upward movement of the lower lip when in contact with the spoon) (p=0.085) in the RG, with tendency towards significance when compared to the CG. Premature infants born before 34w GA presented more OMA immaturities during feeding when compared to infants born after 34w, even though the results did not present significant statistical differences. The variables prematurity, GA, gender, maternal schooling, being SGA, using NGT and orotracheal intubation did not play a significant role on the final OMA outcomes for the food consistencies liquid and solid. For the semisolid consistency, the variable intubation at birth significantly interfered on the OMA outcomes (p=0.019). CONCLUSION: Premature infants presented good final outcomes on the OMA assessed periodically during feeding with liquid, semi-solid, puree and solid consistencies along their first year of life, despite the immaturity observed in lips OMA at 4 and 12 months CA. The higher incidence of OMD was at 6 months CA, for the consistencies puree and semisolid. The neonatal variables, such as prematurity, GA, gender, use of NGT, orotracheal intubation, and maternal schooling, did not interfere significantly on the feeding OMA for the consistencies liquid and solid. Only for the semisolid food, at 6 months, the variable orotracheal intubation at birth was considered a risk factor that could predict the occurrence of OMD in premature infants after hospital discharge (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 13/13734-2 - Dietary transition in preterm children |
| Grantee: | Carla Lucchi Pagliaro |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |