Involvement of the enzyme Pyruvate Kinase M2 (PKM2) in the differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes and pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

Author(s)

Luis Eduardo Alves Damasceno

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2018-01-30

Examining board members

José Carlos Farias Alves Filho; Alexandre Salgado Basso; Alessandro dos Santos Farias

• Advisor: José Carlos Farias Alves Filho

Abstract

Over the past few years, an important highlight has been given to Th17 lymphocytes for the development and maintenance of autoimmunity-associated inflammation. Multiple sclerosis is a CNS demyelinating autoimmune disease that is associated to Th17-mediated response. Some evidences have demonstrated that those cells undergo metabolic reprogramming after being activated, which is essential for their complete differentiation and acquisition of effector functions. The enzyme Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) participates at the final step of glycolysis by converting phosphoenolpyruvate into pyruvate. Recent studies have demonstrated that PKM2 phosphorylation allows its translocation into the nucleus, where it plays a role in controlling gene expression. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the involvement of PKM2 in Th17 lymphocytes differentiation, as well as its role in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for multiple sclerosis. It was perceived that during differentiation process, Th17 lymphocytes increase PKM2 gene expression, and also its phosphorylated form (Y105). Interestingly, both pharmacological inhibition and T-lymphocyte-specific PKM2 gene deletion promoted a reduction in differentiation and expansion of Th17 subpopulation, being associated to diminished expression of effector molecules and key transcription factors for the establishment of Th17 phenotype. In the context of an autoimmune response, it was noticed that PKM2 is overexpressed in peripheral lymphoid organs and central nervous system of EAE-bearing mice, which was correlated with the inflammatory cell infiltration. Corroborating with in vitro data, the deficiency of PKM2 in T lymphocytes led to a reduction of EAE clinical score along with low Th17 frequency and diminished expression of Th17-related inflammatory molecules. Additionally, pharmacological treatment with the PKM2 inhibitor attenuated EAE progression and severity. Therefore, these findings imply an important role for PKM2 in autoimmune diseases by regulating the development and function of Th17 lymphocytes. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 16/10280-9 - Involvement of the enzyme pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in the differentiation of Th17 lymphocytes and pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
• Grantee: Luis Eduardo Alves Damasceno
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master