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| Author(s): |
Camila Soares López
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Assis. 2017-03-24. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). Faculdade de Ciências e Letras. Assis |
| Defense date: | 2017-01-31 |
| Advisor: | Alvaro Santos Simões Junior |
| Abstract | |
In 19th century in France, journalism achieved its height. Many scholars, such as Dominique Kalifa and Marie-Ève Thérenty, recognize the period as that of the “newspaper civilization”, when popular press appeared and it was sold in low prices, and the increase of the readership occurred, as well as the vulgarization of the feuilleton, a space accorded to the literary contribution. Most of its collaborators were also Men of Letters who tried to acquire their means of subsistence by dividing their time between the news columns and their novels, poems and plays. Subordinated not only to that support, but also to the editors from the period, young writers from the 1880’s, encouraged by the feeling of decadence of Positivism and sciences, attempted to challenge the relation of dependence, creating magazines that rivalled with the production of grande presse. In this manner, the petites revues were born. In the petites revues, the jeunes, derived from the decadent and symbolist groups, could dedicate themselves to what they considered the “pure art”. In it, they published their verses, short stories and literary criticism. In 1890, appeared the série moderne of the Mercure de France. The magazine, which was directed by Alfred Vallette, was a disseminator of this criticism, publishing, between 1890 and 1898, many writings that were interested to the literary production from the period. Besides, it showed up as component of a development process of the genre in France, of which practices flirted with Romanticism, Naturalism and, at last, Symbolism. We aim to point the contribution given by Mercure de France to the diffusion of Symbolism and the new in arts and literature, presenting the thesis that the magazine was, in fact, a Symbolist publication, as it held this aesthetic and irradiated fundamental doctrines that aspired to the renewal of thought and literature through its literary criticism. Therefore, in the first chapter, we dedicate ourselves to describe and analyze the periodical in question, elucidating its classification as a petite revue and its consolidation in the publishing field, as well as its cosmopolitism, which was typical of the end of the century and made that French writers and journalists were recognized in Brazil and Brazilian literates acceded to the French literary scene, in an evident process of cultural transfers. In the second chapter, we observe the ascension and development of Symbolism in France, clarify the manner how Mercure stood in relation to the movement and its representatives and detail aspects of the sociability that ruled the relations between artists and writers at that time, that could be seen in the reviews and book summaries, as well as in other periodicals, memoirs and correspondences, wherewith it’s possible to point the Masters and the cultural references of the nouveaux. In the third chapter, we take into consideration the criticism per se, defining its basis and directions. Finally, we translate, these writings, some in parts, some integrally, composing, thus, an anthology that debates the doctrines of renewal and the names of those who compounded the avant-garde literary field, among other aspects. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 13/13489-8 - Symbolism in Mercure de France (1890-1898) |
| Grantee: | Camila Soares López |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |