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| Author(s): |
Felipe Aoki Gonçalves
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Rio Claro. 2018-07-30. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). Instituto de Biociências. Rio Claro |
| Defense date: | 2018-05-17 |
| Advisor: | Clarisse Palma da Silva; Viviana G. Solís Neffa |
| Abstract | |
South America is the most biodiverse subcontinent of the planet, bearing interactions between complex geoclimatic processes that heterogeneously molded its biota. An increasing number of Phylographic studies in South American species have helped us to understand the evolutionary responses that gradually formed such great biodiversity. Bromeliaceae is a family of herbaceous plants characterized by extreme adaptive radiation, its species present a wide range of reproductive strategies and distinct patterns of gene flow and genetic structure. Tillandsia aeranhos (Lois.) L.B. Smith is an epiphyte that inhabits mainly riparian forests of the Pampas biome. It occurs in dense populations across distinct habitats and topographic profiles, which makes it a good model species in studies about the influence of geo-climatic and ecologic factors over patterns of genetic variability and structure, as well as subsequent evolutionary processes of speciation or species cohesion maintenance. This dissertation presents two manuscripts aiming to provide data and analysis that will allow a better comprehension of T. aeranthos evolutionary history. In Chapter 1, we performed cross-amplifications of several nuclear microsatellite loci developed for other bromeliad species in Tillandsia aeranthos and T. recurvata. Sets of seven and six markers amplified satisfactorily and were polymorphic in T. aeanthos an T. recurvata respectively. The following analysis were carried in two populations of 20 individuals for each species and results were in accordance to opposite breeding sytems of each species: predominant cross-pollination in T. aeranthos and predominant self-pollination in T. recurvata. In Chapter 2, we investigated patterns of genetic diversity, phylogeographic structure and breeding system in T. aeranthos across most of its geographic distribution. Altogether, 203 individuals were analyzed from seven microsatellite markers; 12 individuals were analyzed from 13 chloroplast regions; and controlled pollinatin experiments were carried in 74 individuals bearing 543 flowers. Nuclear microsatellite data suggests very high levels of genetic diversity (HE=0,806; HO=0,74). Contrastingly, all chloroplast regions were monomorphic, with no haplotype differentiation. Genetic structure was very low (FST=0,031)) and isolation-by-distance hypothesis was refuted. Moderated signs of recent bottleneck events were detected in four out of 13 populations, suggesting that most populations were demographically stable since the last glacial maximum. Controlled pollination experiments showed complete self-incompatibility in T. aeranthos. In conclusion, our results sow high levels of genetic diversity and demographic stability in the species, with gene flow occurring freely without evidence of geographic barriers across the species geographic distribution. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 16/03777-4 - Patterns of genetic diversity and phylogeography of Tillandsia aeranthos (Lois) L. B. Smith (Bromeliaceae) |
| Grantee: | Felipe Aoki Gonçalves |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |