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| Author(s): |
Patrícia de Lara Antonio
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN/BT) |
| Defense date: | 2014-02-19 |
| Examining board members: |
Linda Viola Ehlin Caldas;
Carmen Cecília Bueno;
Denise Yanikian Nersissian;
Teresa Cristina Nathan Outeiro Pinto;
Vitor Vivolo
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| Advisor: | Linda Viola Ehlin Caldas |
| Abstract | |
Due to the lack of a primary standard laboratory at the Latin America, for the calibration and dosimetry of beta radiation sources, it was decided to establish the Böhm extrapolation chamber at the Calibration Laboratory (LCI) at IPEN as a primary standard. As a main objective of this work, the Böhm extrapolation chamber was characterized in relation to its response in beta radiation secondary standard beams of 90Sr+90Y sources, using two different entrance windows: aluminized Mylar and graphited Hostaphan, and using two methods of determination of absorbed dose rates, to verify its performance in each material. Although it is the most adequate instrument for the calibration of beta radiation detectors and sources, the extrapolation chamber should only be used at calibration laboratories, and not in quality control programs, because it weights 7 kg, and it is expensive. Thus, it is important to have systems considered work standards and alternative methods to replace the extrapolation chamber in measurements performed outside laboratories, such as in hospitals and clinics. For this reason, three parallel plate ionization chambers were characterized, with the objective to verify the possibility of their use as work standard systems, and different dosimetric materials were also studied, in beta radiation fields, using the thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) phenomena, as alternative methods for the calibration of beta radiation sources. The development of a dosimetric postal system for the calibration of 90Sr+90Y clinical applicators was included in this objective. The results obtained using the Böhm extrapolation chamber allowed its establishment as a primary standard system at the calibration of 90Sr+90Y sources, because it was possible to determine the absorbed dose rates in air and in the tissue, at null depth and 0.07 mm using the chamber with the two different entrance windows. The characterization of the three parallel plate ionization chambers showed that they can be used in quality control programs of beta radiation sources, because their responses were adequate to this purpose. The dosimetric materials were tested in relation to their TL and OSL response, and their use showed also to be adequate in beta radiation fields. The dosimetric postal system, using TL dosimeters, was tested in hospitals, and afterwards, it was sent to a laboratory, by conventional mail, with TL and OSL detectors, and the results of the calibration of the clinical applicators was adequate. (AU) | |