Full text
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| Author(s): |
Danielle Grossi
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Geociências (IG/BT) |
| Defense date: | 2016-08-08 |
| Examining board members: |
Eliane Aparecida Del Lama;
Fabio Ramos Dias de Andrade;
Emílio Velloso Barroso;
João Cura D'Ars de Figueiredo Junior;
Maria Heloisa Barros de Oliveira Frascá
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| Advisor: | Eliane Aparecida Del Lama |
| Abstract | |
This thesis aims to evaluate the behavior of the pre-consolidants, consolidants, water repellents and surface protector applied in Itararé Sandstone, used on the front facade of the São Paulo Municipal Theater. This stone shows intrinsic characteristics that disqualify its use in coatings, facades or wherever it is subjected to the weather, as it presents quite friable behavior and especially for having clay swelling in its constitution. The consolidants utilized in sandstone treatments were ammonium phosphate dibasic (P) and ethyl silicate (TC and TW). To assist the effectiveness of the treatment pre-treatments with ethylenediamine anhydrous (A2), 1,3 diaminepropane 99% (A3) and 1,6 diaminohexane 60% (A6) were used. Two water repellents (siloxane organofunctional -- 630 and propyl siliconate -- 808) and one surface protector (fluorosilane -- AG) were tested. To analyze their durability and effectiveness, many analyses were performed, such as, ultrasonic wave velocity, vacuum saturation, capillarity, mercury porosimetry, wet and dry cycles, spectrophotometry, Karsten tube, penetration depth, X ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and accelerated weathering by SOZ. The first stage of product application and verification of effectiveness of the treatment was carried out at Princeton University (USA). In this university Itararé Sandstone and Missões Sandstone were tested. On the second stage, treatments and tests were carried out in Brazil, utilizing only Itararé Sandstone and the products avaliable in the country. To bring theory and practice closer, different application techniques were carried out when verifying the depth of penetration. The tests at Princeton University showed that the best treatments for the Itararé Sandstone were: AP (pre-treated with diaminoalcanes and treated with ammonium phosphate dibasic) and ATC (pre-treated with diaminoalcanes and treated with ethyl silicate). For the Missões Sandstone the best treatment was AP (pre-treated with diaminoalcanes and treated with ammonium phosphate dibasic). The best treatment for the Itararé Sandstone carried out in Brazil was AP. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 12/24067-4 - Evaluation of the application of consolidants on the Itararé sandstone, constituent of the facade of the municipal theater of São Paulo |
| Grantee: | Danielle Grossi |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |