Revision and cladistic analysis of species from genus Sphecozone, O. P.Cambridge, 1870 (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae).

Author(s)

Rafael Yuji Lemos

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Biociências
• Defense date: 04 maio 2018

Examining board members

Antonio Domingos Brescovit; Daniele Polotow Geraldo; Everton Nei Lopes Rodrigues; Lina Maria Almeida Silva

• Advisor: Antonio Domingos Brescovit

Abstract

The genus Sphecozone O. P.-Cambridge, 1870 includes 34 species and has S. rubescens as its type-species. Except for the North American S. magnipalpis Millidge 1993, all species of the genus occur only in the Neotropics. Miller and Hormiga (2004) proposed the monophyly of Sphecozone, supported by the loss of paracymbium and radical ridge, and the origin of an atrium, and established Tutaibo Chamberlin, 1916 as its sister group, relating it to Ceratinopsis Emerton, 1882 Dolabritor Millidge, 1991 Intecymbium Miller, 2007 Gonatoraphis Millidge, 1991 and Psilocymbium Millidge, 1991 based on the absence or reduction of paracymbium, structure present in the palps of males of the superfamily Araneoidea. Despite this result, Miller and Hormiga (2004) and Miller (2007) suggest that the internal relationship and monophyly of Sphecozone is doubtful, and hypotheses about revalidation of one of the genus which was synonymized, as Hypselistoides Tullgren, 1901 Brattia Simon, 1894 , Clitolyna Simon, 1894, Gymnocymbium Millidge 1991 are also discussed. In this context, this project aims to test these hypotesys. From a data matrix containing a total of 77 characters and 41 terminal taxa (8 outgroup, 28 ingroup and 5 new species) an analysis through a traditional heuristic search resulted in only two most parsimonious trees with 294 steps (CI = 0.30, IR = 0.57). The topologies obtained corroborate the hypotheses of Miller and Hormiga (2004) and Miller (2007), that is, Sphecozone no longer forms a monophyletic group and has only two species, S. rubescens O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1871 and S. nitens Millidge, 1991, supported by the presence of ventral cymbal apophysis, loss of paracymbium and papillae in the tegulum, straight tailpeace of the radix, loss of the prolateral trichobotrium of tibia from males palpus, strongly oblong epiginum, and the presence of a metatarsus IV trichobotrium. The other species are distributed in two other revalidated genera: Hypselistoidyes, with H. altehabitans (Keyserling, 1886) comb. nov., H. capitatus (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov., H. corniculans (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov., H. cornutus (Millidge, 1991) comb. Nov., H. crinitus (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov., H. diversicolor (Keyserling, 1886) comb. nov., H. ignigenus (Keyserling, 1886) comb. nov., H. labiatus (Keyserling, 1886) comb. nov., H. lobatus (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov, H. modestus (Nicolet, 1849) comb. nov., H. modicus (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov., H. nigripes (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov., H. niwinus (Chamberlin, 1916) comb. nov., H. rubicundus (Keyserling, 1886) comb. nov. and one new species, and Clitolyna, with C. fastibilis (Keyserling, 1886) comb. nov., C. castanea (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov., C. novaeteutoniae (Baert, 1987) comb. nov. and C. spadicaria (Simon, 1894) comb. Nov., C. crassa (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov., C. gravis (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov. and C. formosa (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov., C. prativaga (Keyserling, 1886) comb. nov., C. personata (Simon, 1894) comb. nov., C. alticeps (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov., C. rostrata (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov., C. tumidosa (Keyserling, 1886) comb. nov., C. venialis (Keyserling, 1886) comb. nov., C. varia (Millidge, 1991) comb. nov., and two new species. A new genus will also be proposed to accommodate Gen.nov magnipalpis (Millidge, 1993), Gen. nov. sp.nov.01 and Gen.nov. sp.nov.02 (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/20212-2 - Revision and cladistic analysis of the species of genus Sphecozone O. P.-Cambridge, 1870 (Araneae, Linyphiidae, Erigoninae)
• Grantee: Rafael Yuji Lemos
• Support type: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate