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| Author(s): |
Pedro Afonso Barreto Ferreira
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2018-08-03 |
| Examining board members: |
Rita de Cassia Aleixo Tostes Passaglia;
Luciano dos Santos Aggum Capettini;
Maria Cristina Foss de Freitas;
Helio Cesar Salgado
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| Advisor: | Rita de Cassia Aleixo Tostes Passaglia |
| Abstract | |
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. However, it is unknown whether AhR activation by endogenous compounds/molecules plays a role in the development and vulnerability of the atherosclerotic plaque. We hypothesized that AhR activation by endogenous compounds/molecules promotes atherogenesis and contributes to the formation of vulnerable plaques in apolipoprotein E knockout mice (ApoE-/-). A shear stress modifier (cylindrical device referred to as cast) was placed in the carotid arteries of ApoE-/- mice, creating areas of lower shear stress (LSS) and oscillatory shear stress (OSS), and inducing the development of atherosclerotic vulnerable and stable plaques, respectively, in a time-dependent manner. LSS regions exhibited increased expression of IL-1?, TNF-?, MMP-12 and AhR. Considering that AhR activation leads to transcription of proinflammatory markers transcription, it is possible that AhR expression in LSS regions is associated with the inflammatory process. Treatment with an AhR antagonist (CH223191) reduced lipid and macrophage accumulation and increased the smooth muscle cell content in LSS regions. Additionally, CH223191 reduced IL-1? expression in atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic arch from hypercholesterolemic ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, CH223191 prevented oxLDL-induced vascular dysfunction (reduced ACh vasodilation) in C57BL/6J. In endothelial cells, oxLDL induced IL-1? release by mechanisms dependent on AhR activation, an effect prevented by CH223191. Our findings point to AhR as a possible new therapeutic target in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 15/11742-3 - The Role of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in atherosclerotic plaque instability or vulnerability |
| Grantee: | Pedro Afonso Barreto Ferreira |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |