The influence of acetate on the activation of macrophages in acute renal injury induced by cisplatin in zebrafish

Author(s)

Guilherme José Bottura de Barros

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB/SDI)
• Defense date: 2019-03-21

Examining board members

Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara; Ildefonso Alves da Silva Júnior; Maria Oliveira de Souza; Rildo Aparecido Volpini

• Advisor: Niels Olsen Saraiva Câmara

Abstract

The kidneys are organs responsible for managing a set of physiological tasks that maintain the homeostasis of the organism, among them the removal of toxic metabolites from the blood, production of hormones and the regulation of electrolyte balance. Acute kidney injury (AKI) leads to a rapid loss of organ function in hours or days. During the process of tissue injury, the immune system often initially acts in a detrimental way to the organ. One of the main cells involved in this process of tissue injury are macrophages, which participate during the first phase of AKI, already differentiated in a more proinflammatory profile, described as macrophages M1, and then during the tissue repair phase, differentiated into macrophages M2. Products derived from the metabolism of bacteria belonging to the intestinal microbiota, such as acetate, one of the main short chain fatty acids (SCFA), are able ofmodulating the inflammatory response in tissue injury models, but the influence of these products on the function, migration and differentiation of macrophages in the context of the AKI has not yet been well described. Thus the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of acetate on the biological functions of macrophages in AKI. First, we developed a cisplatin-induced AKI model in Danio rerio adult fish, injecting different doses of cisplatin intraperitoneally (ip) and evaluating the survival and progression of the disease by histology, immunofluorescence and analysis of the cellular infiltrate. Subsequently, the animals were treated with acetate by gavage and then injected with cisplatin and analyzed for survival, the extent of the renal lesion by histology and the immune cell infiltrate in the kidney. The results showed that the injection of cisplatin (0,1275 mg/g) induced tissue damage in the kidney 24 h post-injection with loss of tubular structure, leading to the death of 80% of the animals. However, the surviving animals were able to regenerate the injured tissue eight days after the injection. There was also an increase in inflammatory infiltrate and a high rate of cell death, concomitant with high rates of proliferation of non-immune cells. The acetate was able to increase the survival of the animals injected with cisplatin and reduce the damage induced by the drug in the kidney, on the other hand, did not alter the performance of inflammatory cells of the immune system. In conclusion, the intraperitoneal cisplatin injection model was able to induce AKI in adult zebrafish, with maximum damage at 24 hpi and recovery and regeneration of renal tissue in one week, proving to be a good model for the study of regeneration in the kidney. Acetate appears to be promising in the treatment of experimental AKI, as it decreases the rate of cisplatin-induced death. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 17/05687-5 - Influence of microbiota on the role of macrophages during acute renal injury induced by cisplatin in zebrafish
• Grantee: Guilherme José Bottura de Barros
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master