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| Author(s): |
Jéssica Mariane Silveira
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2019-03-18 |
| Examining board members: |
Luiz Gustavo Nussio;
Joao Ricardo Alves Pereira;
Dannylo Oliveira de Sousa;
Maity Zopollatto
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| Advisor: | Luiz Gustavo Nussio |
| Abstract | |
With the advent of physiological maturity, grain growth, increased dry matter content (DM) and assimilation in the bromatology of the corn plant. In this way it is important to study the cut of weight to preserve the characteristics of the fresh plant, allowing the fermentation of the mass and, consequently, the production of a quality silage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the whole plant of corn silage production process, with a focus to evaluating the impact of the fermentation and the aerobic stability of silages produced from different hybrids harvested at different stages of maturation and mechanically processed under gradient of length of cut. And define the best strategy of setting the cut size for harvest at different stages of maturation. Corn silage ensiling was performed in experimental silos with a capacity of 20 L, the hybrids were harvested with the JF AT 1600 harvester (without grain processor). The treatments were constituted by dry matter contents of the plants (300 and 370 g/kg DM), different hybrids (LG 6030, LG 6036 and AG1051) and three theoretical lengths of cut (TLOC) according to the harvester adjustment (3, 5 and 7 mm), using four replicates per treatment and stored for 90 days. The following parameters were evaluated: chemical composition, lactic acid, pH, microbiology, dry matter loss (DML), aerobic stability (EA), kernel processing score (KPS), particle and grain physical characteristics, in situ DM degradability, NDF and Starch, and degradable starch. There was interaction between hybrid, maturity and TLOC, and these factors had effect on the nutritive value, physical characteristics, aerobic stability, in situ degradability of DM, NDF and corn silage starch in this study. The content of DM and starch of the silage increased with the advancement of maturity and as a result of this increase, the concentrations of NDF and ADF decreased. Treatments with 300 g/kg DM showed higher yeast counts, higher DML and lower EA. Maize silages harvested at a lower TLOC (3 mm), as expected, had fewer particles larger than 19 mm, more particles between 1.18 - 8 mm, and lower TMP compared to maize silages harvested at 5 and 7 mm. The in situ degradability of DM, NDF and Starch was mainly affected by hybrid type and maturity. The disappearance of MS was higher for the AG 1051 and LG 6036 hybrids, where as the NDF disappearance was higher for the LG 6036 hybrid and the starch was higher for the AG 1051 hybrid. The disappearance of DM, NDF and Starch was higher when samples were incubated with DM content of 300 g/kg DM than for corn silage at 370 g/kg MS. Reducing TLOC (from 7 mm to 5 or 3 mm) is effective when the plant is harvested at 300 g/kg DM but is not effective at 370 g/kg DM. However the best result for harvesting in more advanced maturity was potentialized by the use of hybrid AG 1051 characterized by the company responsible as soft and by the LG 6036 characterized by the company responsible as hard. However, if maize exceeds 370 g/kg DM and uses harvester coupled to the tractor without a grain processor, reducing TLOC will not improve grain processing. Harvesting with 300 g/kg DM was more efficient with TLOC reduction for 3 or 5 mm and for the LG 6030 hybrid, and harvesting with 370 g/kg DM independent of TLOC was more efficient for hybrids AG 1051 and LG 6036. TLOC and maturity at harvest constitute effective strategies to better fine tuning ensiling recommendations for different corn hybrids. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 17/01179-5 - Endosperm texture, phenology and mechanical processing on ensiling of whole-plant corn |
| Grantee: | Jéssica Mariane Silveira |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |