Study of participation of angiotensin II in cardiovascular dysfunction induced by chronic ethanol consumption

Author(s)

Patrícia Passaglia

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2014-03-11

Examining board members

Carlos Renato Tirapelli; Evelin Capellari Carnio; Gerson Jhonatan Rodrigues

• Advisor: Carlos Renato Tirapelli

Abstract

The cardiovascular dysfunction induced by chronic ethanol consumption is associated with the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Angiotensin II via AT1 receptors is a major maker of ROS in the cardiovascular system. To evaluate the role of AT1 receptors in the cardiovascular dysfunction induced by chronic ethanol consumption. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control: received water \"ad libitum\"; Ethanol: received ethanol solution 20% (vol./vol.); Control+Losartan: received water \"ad libitum\" and losartan (10 mg/kg) daily by gavage; Losartan+Ethanol: received 20% ethanol solution and losartan. The measurements were performed to determine: the level of ethanol in blood, plasma and tissue levels (aorta and mesenteric arterial bed) of angiotensin I (ANG I) to ANG II, plasma renin activity, plasma and tissue activity of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), plasma aldosterone levels, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT); osmolality and sodium, plasma and tissue nitrate (NO); tiobarbitútico reactive to acid species (TBARS); tissue formation superoxide anion, total antioxidant capacity, besides verifying the gene and protein expression of MAPK pathway, the nitric oxide (NO), the cyclooxygenase (COX), in addition to the components of the renin angiotensin (RAS). The thoracic aorta was isolated and concentration-response curves for phenylephrine, acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were obtained. Chronic ethanol treatment increased systolic blood pressure, diastolic and mean animals, without affecting heart rate; induced increase in plasma renin activity, increased plasma and tissue levels of ACE and plasma levels of ANG I and ANG II, and these effects were prevented by administration of losartan. There were no changes in tissue levels of ANG I and ANG II. The treatment with ethanol did not alter osmolarity and plasma levels of sodium and aldosterone. In animals chronically treated with ethanol was reduced plasma AVP, OT and ANP increase. Losartan did not prevent these effects induced by ethanol. Ethanol promoted increased plasma levels of TBARS, tissue levels of superoxide anion, and treatment with losartan prevented these responses. The ethanol treatment did not alter plasma levels of hydrogen peroxide and plasma activity of SOD. There was a reduction in plasma and tissue levels of NO, alteration in total plasma antioxidant capacity and treatment with losartan prevented these effects. The consumption ethanol potentiated the pressor response induced by phenylephrine in aortic rings with and without endothelium. The losartan prevented this contractile response. However, treatment with ethanol did not alter the response of relaxation induced by Ach and SNP in aortic rings. The ethanol was able to alter the gene and protein expression via the MAPK, via the NOAKT, the COX, and the components of the RAS. Therefore, it is concluded that chronic consumption of ethanol activates the systemic RAS, induces systemic oxidative stress and vascular change vascular reactivity, reduces plasma levels of NO, alters gene and protein expression via the MAPK, NO, the COX and RAS components, and promotes neurohumoral changes that, together, contribute to the elevation of blood pressure and cardiovascular changes by the action of ANG II via AT1 receptor. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/10096-2 - Study of participation of Angiotensin II in cardiovascular dysfunction induced by chronic ethanol consumption
• Grantee: Patrícia Passaglia
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master