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| Author(s): |
Valerio Garrone Barauna
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina (FM/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2010-01-15 |
| Examining board members: |
Jose Eduardo Krieger;
Dulce Elena Casarini;
Claudio Miguel da Costa Neto;
Denise de Castro Fernandes;
Carlos Eduardo Negrão
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| Advisor: | Jose Eduardo Krieger |
| Abstract | |
Hemodynamic forces such as pressure and shear stress modulate the patophysiolgy of the cardiovascular system. In this study, we investigated two transmembranic key molecules of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) as mechanosensors and mechanotransducers of physical forces: Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) and Angiotensin II type 1 Receptor (AT1). ACE is an enzyme that converts angiotensin I in angiotensin II. Recently, it was demonstrated that ACE cytoplasmic tail can be phosphorylated by ACE inhibitors and elicited intracellular cell signaling. Here, we observed that shear stress, but not stretch, decreased ACE cytoplasmic phosphorylation after 5 minutes and maintained up to 18 hours. ACE extracellular portion act as mechanosensor and JNK pathway participate in the mechanotransduction activation. In addition, we also demonstrate that decrease in ACE phosphorylation is involved in ACE expression downregulation by shear stress. AT1 receptor is the main effector molecule of angiotensin II cellular responses. It has recently been shown that AT1 receptor can directly be activated by mechanical stretch stress through an angiotensin-II-independent mechanism. In the present study, we observed that shear stress also activates AT1 receptor which is blocked by Candesartan, but not by Losartan. The intracellular pathway activated by shear stress involves both G-protein and extracellular calcium. Interestingly, preconditioning of AT1 receptor by shear stress impairs its responsiveness to angiotensin II while the pretreatment with angiotensin II still allow AT1 responsiveness to shear stress. Altogether, we demonstrated that ACE and AT1 receptor activates intracellular signal in response to mechanical force. This new concept for the RAS, the modulation of these molecules by mechanical forces gives new insigh into the discovery for pharmacological interventions to the RAS (AU) | |