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| Author(s): |
Maísa Honorio Belizario
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2013-03-05 |
| Examining board members: |
Carlos Clemente Cerri;
José Laercio Favarin;
Newton La Scala Junior;
Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin
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| Advisor: | Carlos Clemente Cerri |
| Abstract | |
The coffee is one of the main crops grown in Brazil, and is its most important agricultural export commodities. The demand for sustainable agricultural products is increasing, especially important issue for the competitiveness of export products. Therefore, knowing the impacts of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) is critical for any crop, as well as studying their management to detect mitigation alternatives. The aim of this study was to determine the soil carbon stock and flow of greenhouse gases made in the cultivation of coffee. The studies comprised the evaluation of the conversion of land use Cerrado vegetation for coffee, use of liming and its influence on the flux of CO2, as well as the influence of the use of nitrogen fertilizers on N2O emission. Carbon (C) of the soil was determined for the original Cerrado soil (control) and in areas converted for 37, 15 and 8 years, and also two areas who received addition of 22.684 e 16.845 kg ha-1 organic compound in 2006 and 2010, respectively. The highest levels of carbon were to coffee 37 to 0-5 cm in Li, and the layers 5-10, 10-20 cm in Eli C stocks in the soil was higher in the coffee 37 (91.34 Mg C ha-1) and the lowest for the Cerrado (66.87 Mg C ha-1) at 0-30cm. Areas with coffee 15, 8, and CRI CRII did not differ among themselves, with soil carbon stock of 85.21, 85.75, 73.29 and 76.95 Mg C ha-1, respectively. After the conversion of land for coffee production, there is a considerable increase in the stock of C, but over time this value tends to decrease, probably due to management practices. Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient required in large quantity by the coffee culture and is named among the fertilizers that contribute most to GHG emissions in agriculture. In order to meet the emission flux of alternative nitrogen fertilization was evaluated calcium nitrate (CN), ammonium nitrate (AN), urea (UR) and urea NBPT (NBPT®), full dose (100 kg ha-1) and split dose (2 x 50 kg ha-1). Urea full dose was increased emission source (125.12 mg N2O-N m-2) and calcium nitrate was less parceled (1.93 mg N2O-N m-2). The use of lime is essential to correct the fertility of acid soils, a situation typical of most Cerrado soils. Liming is an important emission source of CO2 in agricultural activity. To know the flow of issuance of liming, evaluated a limestone area with freshly applied and another 5 years after liming. The accumulated flows were 64.7 and 58.7 g CO2-C m-2, respectively. The area was limed recently gained greater flow issue. Seeking to meet the requirements of sustainability evaluated the issue of the production system for every bag of coffee (60 kg). For such data were used fuel, nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, limestone and electricity. For such data were used fuel, nitrogen fertilizer, organic fertilizer, limestone and electricity. The farm issued a total of 2.698 t of CO2 equivalent GHG during a two crop years. The source that contributed most was the use of diesel (1.407 t CO2eq) and the lowest was electricity (41 t CO2eq). To produce a bag of coffee were issued 0.68 kg CO2eq kg-1 coffee. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 11/01361-1 - STOCK CARBON SOIL AND FLOW OF GREENHOUSE GASES IN THE PROCESS OF AGRICULTURAL CROP COFFEE |
| Grantee: | Maísa Honório Belizário |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |