The iron stimulon of Xylella fastidiosa

Author(s)

Paulo Adriano Zaini

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ)
• Defense date: 2007-09-17

Examining board members

Aline Maria Da Silva; Regina Lúcia Baldini; Shaker Chuck Farah; Alessandra Alves de Souza; Claudia Barros Monteiro Vitorello

• Advisor: Aline Maria Da Silva

Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa is the etiologic agent of a wide range of plant diseases including citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC), a major threat to citrus industry. Transcript levels in different iron availabilities were assessed with DNA microarrays representing 2608 (91.6%) coding sequences (CDS) of X. fastidiosa CVC strain 9a5c. In the presence of 100 uM of ferric pyrophosphate, 218 and 256 CDS were considered as up- and down-regulated, respectively. When treated with the iron chelator 2,2\'-dipyridyl, 193 CDS were considered as up-regulated and 216 as down-regulated. Differential expression for a subset of 44 CDS was further evaluated by RT-qPCR that showed a Pearson correlation of 0.77 with array results. The CDS differentially expressed upon the iron concentration shift participate in diverse cellular functions. Many CDS involved with regulatory functions, pathogenicity and cell structure, were modulated in both conditions tested suggesting that major changes in cell architecture and metabolism occur when X. fastidiosa cells are exposed to extreme variations in iron concentration. Interestingly, the modulated CDS include those related to colicin V-like bacteriocin synthesis and secretion and to pili/fimbriae functions. We also investigated the contribution of the ferric uptake regulator Fur to the iron stimulon of X. fastidiosa. Thus, the promoter regions of strain 9a5c genome were screened for putative Fur boxes. Our analyses identified Fur boxes-like elements in promoter regions of 49 CDS. The functionality of at least one Fur box was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays which demonstrated its interaction with X. fastidiosa recombinant Fur. However, not all genes that appeared to be modulated by iron concentration shift are directly regulated by Fur. This supports the hypothesis that Fur is not solely responsible for the modulation of the iron stimulon of X. fastidiosa. Taken together, our data present novel evidence for iron regulation of pathogenicity and virulence determinants in X. fastidiosa. (AU)