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| Author(s): |
Felipe Silva Rodrigues
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2018-08-31 |
| Examining board members: |
Daniela Sanchez Bassères;
Alexandre Bruni Cardoso;
Oswaldo Keith Okamoto;
André Almeida Schenka
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| Advisor: | Daniela Sanchez Bassères |
| Abstract | |
The most frequent genetic alterations in lung cancer are point mutations that activate the KRAS oncogene. Although these mutations are causally related to oncogenesis, different approaches to inhibit RAS proteins directly have not been successful to date. Therefore, for better therapeutic targets for lung cancer to become available, it is necessary to identify the molecular mechanisms activated by KRAS that are directly involved with important malignant features, such as the development and maintenance of a cancer stem-like phenotype by the tumour-initiating cells (TICs). TICs, also known as cancer stem cells, are defined as a subpopulation of tumour cells able to self-renew, promote tumour initiation, and sustain tumour growth. The development of therapeutic strategies to target these cells is imperative to improve the efficacy of antitumor therapy. Since KRAS is associated with the maintenance of a cancer stem-like phenotype and activates the transcription factor NF-kB through the IKKβ kinase to promote lung tumourigenesis, we hypothesised that IKKβ kinase contributes to the cancer stem-like phenotype induced by KRAS in lung cancer. We used tumoursphere formation assays to enrich and evaluate the function of TICs of KRAS-mutant cell lines A549 and H358. A549 and H358 cells formed tumourspheres in low adhesion culture and, when compared to cells grown in adherent culture, sphere-derived cells displayed increased clonogenic growth, higher expression of stemness genes by qPCR, and increased IKKβ kinase activity . Inhibition of IKKβ activity through a highly specific pharmacological inhibitor (Compound A) slightly decreased proliferation of A549 and H358 cells without inducing significant cell death. On the other hand, inhibition of IKKβ activity or expression by RNA interference reduced the expression of stemness genes and decreased tumoursphere formation. Inhibition of IKKβ expression in A549 cells also reduced TICs self-renewal . These results suggest that IKKβ plays an important role in maintaining the cancer stem-like phenotype of KRAS-driven lung TICs. Next, we demonstrated that IKKβ inhibition preferentially reduced cell proliferation and clonogenic growth of sphere-derived cells, suggesting that IKKβ plays a more important role in TICs than in adherent culture-derived cells. Flow cytometry analysis identified that sphere-derived cells display an enrichment for the surface marker CD24 in A549 cells and CD44 in H358 cells, indicating that these could be promising markers for the purification of TICs in these cell lines. Furthermore, we have shown by wound-healing assays of A549 and H358 cells that IKKβ inhibition reduced cell migration , another feature increased in TICs. In addition, we have shown that IKKβ activity in A549 and H358 cells does not depend on the MAPK or PI3K/Akt pathways. Interestingly, combined inhibition of IKKβ (a downstream effector of KRAS) and EGFR/ERBB2 (upstream regulators of KRAS that activate the MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways) additively reduced tumoursphere formation, cell proliferation and migration. Taken together, our results suggest that IKKβ kinase plays an important role in the biology of KRAS-driven lung TICs, and that inhibition of this kinase alone or in combination with inhibition of other signalling pathways may represent a promising therapeutic strategy to be explored in order to reduce tumour recurrence and metastasis in KRAS-driven lung cancer. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 16/22520-4 - Exploring IKKbeta kinase as a therapeutic target for lung tumour-initiating cells induced by the KRAS oncogene |
| Grantee: | Felipe Silva Rodrigues |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |