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| Author(s): |
Rodrigo Coqui da Silva
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2013-01-30 |
| Examining board members: |
Takashi Muraoka;
Luis Reynaldo Ferracciú Alleoni;
Edmilson José Ambrosano;
Leonardo Theodoro Bull;
Luis Ignacio Prochnow
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| Advisor: | Takashi Muraoka |
| Abstract | |
The generalized deficiency of phosphorus (P) in most of the Brazilian soils justifies the need for constant fertilization in order to supply the lack of this nutrient. Fully acidulated fertilizers are the most used sources in Brazilian agriculture, with high water solubility. Due to the gradual depletion of high quality and pure phosphate ores, it is necessary to use ores considered as marginal grade. One consequence of the use of phosphate rocks containing impurities is the presence of insoluble compounds in the acidulated fertilizer, which not necessarily mean a problem to their agronomic performance. However, requirements regarding high solubility meant that these fertilizers containing insoluble impurities did not fit the law requirements. Aiming to evaluate the agronomic effectiveness of these fertilizers varying in solubility, experiments were performed under incubation, greenhouse, and field conditions. The incubation experiment was carried out under controlled environment applying seven kinds of fertilizer granules at the center of petri dishes filled up with a Quartzipsamments varying in pH and P adsorption capacity. The fertilizers tested were: monoammonium phosphate (MAP), diammonium phosphate (DAP), triple superphosphate (TSP), single superphosphate (SSP), sulfuric acidulated phosphate (FAS), rhizosphere-controlled fertilizer (RCF) and reduced solubility phosphate (FSR). After five weeks of incubation, soil was sampled as concentric rings, starting from the center section to evaluate P diffusion. Much of the added P remained in the granule itself or in the region around it, regardless of fertilizer. The higher diffusion was observed for ammonium phosphates. In a greenhouse experiment, maize was grown for first and residual yield, to evaluate three fertilizer with composition very similar to single superphosphate (standard source, fi > 85%), differing only by its water solubility, ranging from 50% to 70%. The agronomic effectiveness was not influenced by the solubility of these fertilizers. Under some soil conditions, lower solubility fertilizers were even more efficient than standard fertilizer, which had the highest solubility among all sources tested. A field experiment was carried out with soybean in Itiquira, Mato Grosso, under clayey Typic Hapludox. We also tested the four fertilizers used in the previous experiments, using single superphosphate as standard source. Sources with 60% and 70% of solubility were as efficient as single superphosphate, indicating their suitability for use in the soybean under field conditions. These results contradict the old premise that water solubility is always associated with agronomic effectiveness. Acidulated phosphate fertilizers which have insoluble compounds may exhibit agronomic performance equivalent to those fertilizers with high water solubility, however it is not possible to generalize completely this premise because of the peculiarities of these insoluble fractions. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 09/13729-3 - Agronomic Effectiveness of Phosphate Fertilizers Varying in Water and Citrate Solubility as Influenced by Soil pH, P-Fixing Capacity, and Available P |
| Grantee: | Rodrigo Coqui da Silva |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |