Natural polysaccharide cellulose chemically modified to cations removal and thermochemistry of interaction at the solic/liquid interface

Author(s)

Edson Cavalcanti Silva Filho

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: Campinas, SP.
• Institution: Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Instituto de Química
• Defense date: 2008-07-18

Examining board members

Claudio Airoldi; Maria Rita de Morais Chaves Santos; Maria Gardennia da Fonseca; Pedro Luiz Onófrio Volpe; Fernando Aparecido Sígoli

• Advisor: Claudio Airoldi

Abstract

Among the agents used to chlorinate cellulose, thionyl chloride gave better results with a degree of substitution 1.00 on primary hydroxyl group. This intermediate reacted to incorporate the molecules 1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,4-butylenediamine, acetylacetone and 2- aminomethylpyridine. For the reaction with 1,2-ethylenediamine the synthetic conditions was optimized, by varying the amounts and the solvents water or N,N¿-dimethylformamide, demonstrating that the lower the volume of solvent 10 cm, the higher is the incorporation. The absence of solvent yielded the highest amount incorporated, 3.03±0.01 mmol of pendant groups per gram of cellulose. For 1,4-butylenediamine the reaction in absence of solvent failed, however, with a minimum amount of solvent, it gave 0.66±0.04 mmol g. Acetylacetone did not react directly with the chlorinated cellulose, but when the precursor was chemically modified with 1,2-ethylenediamine to give 5.70±0.22 mmol of pendant nitrogen atom per gram of cellulose, Schiff base formation with crosslinking bonds was observed. Aminemethylpyridine was incorporated in the absence of solvent to give 0.10±0.01 mmol g. These materials were characterized and applied for divalent cations removal in aqueous solution. The adsorption capacities gave for: a) 1,2-ethylenediamine 1.32±0.07; 1.91±0.07; 1.08±0.04 and 1.31±0.02, b) 1,2-ethylenediamine/acethylacetone 2.32±0.06; 1.85±0.02; 1.70±0.04 and 1.65±0.02, c) butylenediamine 0.32±0.03; 0.29±0.01; 0.26±0.03 and 0.25±0.02 and d) 2-aminemethylpyridine 0.100±0.012, 0.093±0.021, 0.074±0.011 and 0.071±0.004 mmol g, for copper, cobalt, nickel and zinc, respectively. The cation-basic center interactions determined through calorimetric titration in heterogeneous conditions gave exothermic values, with spontaneity of reactions through all negative free Gibbs energies. With the exception of copper with cellulose chemically modified with 1,2-ethylenediamine, cobalt, nickel and zinc with cellulose modified with 2- aminemethylpyridine, all entropy values were endothermic, to give a favorable entropic conditions (AU)