Reconstruction and analysis of microbial genomes from composting metagenomic data

Author(s)

Leandro Nascimento Lemos

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Matemática e Estatística (IME/SBI)
• Defense date: 2015-09-23

Examining board members

João Carlos Setubal; Welington Luiz de Araujo; Vivian Helena Pellizari

• Advisor: João Carlos Setubal

Abstract

In the last decade it has been possible to reconstruct Bacteria and Archaea genomes that are in natural microbial communities from metagenomic samples. This has revolutionized our understanding of the topology of the tree of life and the discovery of new metabolic functions, as well as aided in more accurate identification of industrial bioprospecting genes, since the genomic data are more complete and less fragmented. Based on this background, the aim of this project was to reconstruct the bacterial genomes linked to plant biomass degradation in composting communities, focusing on diversity analysis of Glycosyl Hydrolases (GHs) from metagenomic sequence data generated in the Thematic Project (Process 11/50870-6). To achieve our objectives, computational pipelines have been developed (this pipelines were based on software already available in the literature) and we use these pipelines in two massive data sets generated by high-throughput sequencing (one data set of time series compost sample which includes several stages of the composting process and other data set from a cellu- lolytic and thermophilic microbial consortium). Thirteen genomes were reconstructed (seven genomes from time series metagenomic data and six genomes from microbial consortium). At least four new species have been identified, and the analyzes based on phylogenomic inferences indicate the presence of at least one new class of Firmicutes phylum, and a new Paenibacillaceae family and the reconstruction for the first time the Bacillus thermozeamaize genome. They also identified 33 gaps/metagenomic Islands (IMs). These gaps had genes directly linked to polysaccharide biosynthesis of the cell envelope, pseudogenes and hypothetical proteins. Some of these proteins are directly linked to the bacteriophage during the recognition phase of viral infection. The presence of gaps also indicates a divergence between microbial populations present in the compost with the reference genome. All microbial genomes reconstructed in this studyhave genes linked to lignocellulolytic potential degradation during the different stages of composting process, indicating the functional role this bactéria in this environment. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 13/05325-5 - Computational Analysis of glycoside hydrolase genes in metagenomic data from composting
• Grantee: Leandro Nascimento Lemos
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master