Serosurvey on sentinels animals for Brazilian Spotted Fever, and correlation with forest fragmentation on the southern Metropolitan area of the City of São Paulo

Author(s)

Claudia Araujo Scinachi

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Saúde Pública (FSP/CIR)
• Defense date: 2015-05-19

Examining board members

Adriano Pinter dos Santos; Francisco Chiaravalloti Neto; Marcelo Bahia Labruna

• Advisor: Adriano Pinter dos Santos

Abstract

The Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF) is a zoonotic disease whose pathogen is the bacteria Rickettsia rickettsii, transmitted by Amblyomma aureolatum ticks in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, where the lethality of the disease can reach 80 per cent . The life cycle of those tiks occour in the forest and domestic dogs - main hosts of the adult stage of this tick in modify areas - can maintain the disease cycle, transferring infected ticks from the forest to the anthropic environment. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between forest fragmentation and its possible influence on the seroprevalence distribution of R. rickettsii in domestic dogs living at the contact zone between the Atlantic Forest and anthropic environment. Nine areas with different landscape profiles were selected for the study: two areas in São Paulo, three areas in Santo André, two areas in São Bernardo do Campo, an area in Ribeirão Pires and an area in Diadema. A single blood sample was collected in thirty dogs in each study area, with a total of 270 sampled dogs. All samples were submitted to serological test of indirect immunofluorescence to determine the antibodies titers against R. rickettsii, and all study animals were inspected for ticks, that when found, were taken to the laboratory for proper identification of species and further Ricketsia research through PCR reaction. Parasitism data of ticks on dogs was determined by the mean abundance and mean intensity. The seroprevalence found ranged from 0 to 37 per cent , and when compared to environmental data, resulted from the principal component analysis, showed that the most preserved areas, with larger amount of forest and less edge has lower chances of BSF occurrence, than areas with less forest and greather amount of edge. Only the species A. aureolatum and R. sanguineus were found parasitizing the study dogs, and no specimen was considered positive in the PCR reaction. The results suggest a relationship between the seroprevalence of infection with R. rickettsii in dogs and the landscape features on each region. The landscape structure analysis - parameter that can facilitate the transmission of the bacteria R. rickettsii, since it favors the contact between dogs and ticks - can assist in determining areas of higher or lower risk for the occurrence of human cases of BSF, being useful in monitoring the disease. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/25172-6 - Serosurvey on sentinels animals for Spotted Fever disease, and correlation to the forest fragmentation on the southern metropolitan area of the City of São Paulo
• Grantee: Claudia Araujo Scinachi
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master