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| Author(s): |
Angélica Aparecida Antoniellis Silveira
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Ciências Médicas |
| Defense date: | 2012-09-20 |
| Examining board members: |
Nicola Amanda Conran Zorzetto;
Ronei Luciano Mamoni;
Alessandra Gambero
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| Advisor: | Nicola Amanda Conran Zorzetto |
| Abstract | |
During the inflammatory response, neutrophils and other leukocytes adhere to the endothelium leaving the blood vessels and actively moving towards the inflammatory focus. The migration of neutrophils to inflammatory sites depends on a variety of chemotactic and adhesive events resulting from the activation of adhesion molecules such as selectins and integrins and chemokine receptors. Due to its properties, neutrophils may be activated by small intracellular signaling proteins, the Rho GTPases, which help neutrophils to fulfill this function by interfering in cytoskeletal changes. These proteins are also involved in cell adhesion and proliferation. The neutrophils are able to synthesize nitric oxide (NO), and this production of NO is an important component of innate immunity during inflammation. Studies have shown that neutrophils play a role in inducing inflammation and generation of efforts to understand the adhesive mechanism exerted by neutrophils in inflammatory processes may be a key point for pharmacological interventions for diseases that are characterized by vascular inflammation with consequent obstruction of blood flow. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the role of the NO pathway and the Rho GTPases in the mechanism by which inflammatory stimuli increases neutrophil adhesion. We also assessed the effects of simvastatin on neutrophil adhesive properties as a tool to aid in studying the involvement of Rho GTPases, RhoA and Rac1 in these mechansims. Neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood and aspects of adhesion studied by static and flow adhesion assays as well as flow cytometry. In addition, we analyzed the gene expression of Rho GTPases, Rac1 and RhoA by real time - PCR. Following a strong stimulation with TNF-?, the adhesive properties of neutrophils increase significantly. NO synthase inhibitors and NO donors did not modify the adhesive properties of neutrophils when stimulated with TNF-?. We did not observe any significant differences in the adhesion of neutrophils and the expression of adhesion molecules on their surface in the presence of a Rac1 inhibitor. However, an inhibitor of ROCK (Rho-associated coiled coil forming protein serine/threonine kinase, an efector protin for the RhoA), Y-27632, was shown to increase the adhesion of neutrophils under basal conditions. The use of simvastatin decreased adhesive properties and modulated the expression of Mac-1 of neutrophils in the presence of an inflammatory stimulus, supporting the use of this class of drugs as anti-inflammatory agents. Importantly, the attenuating effects of simvastatin on TNF-? stimulated neutrophil adhesion were reversed by Y-27632, whereas the cholesterol pathway intermediates, mevalonate, and the isoprenoids, GGPP FPP, were unable to reverse the effects of this drug. Data indicate that the NO-cGMP signaling pathway does not appear to modulate the adhesive properties of neutrophils under inflammatory conditions. Moreover, results suggest that Rho GTPases may be involved in the regulat ion of the adhesive properties of neutrophils. The involvement of ROCK in cellular adhesion is not yet fully understood but, according to our findings, it may be hypothesized that this protein effector has a role in the induction of neutrophil adhesion. Simvastatin was able to inhibit the adhesive properties of neutrophils when activated, indicating another use of this class of drugs for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. The role of Rho GTPases in the adhesive properties of neutrophils under inflammatory conditions should be further elucidated (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 10/17138-7 - INVESTIGATION OF THE ROLE OF NITRIC OXIDE AND RHO-GTPases IN NEUTROPHILS ADHESION, UNDER INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS |
| Grantee: | Angélica Aparecida Antoniellis Silveira |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |