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| Author(s): |
Luis Augusto Nero
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2005-04-08 |
| Examining board members: |
Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco;
Vanerli Beloti;
José Paes de Almeida Nogueira Pinto;
Susana Marta Isay Saad;
Evelise Oliveira Telles Ramos e Silva
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| Advisor: | Bernadette Dora Gombossy de Melo Franco |
| Abstract | |
Brazil is a great milk-producing country, and despite illegal its commercialization, raw milk is consumed by certain groups of people, especially in rural areas. Aiming to evaluate the risk associated to consumption of raw milk, this study evaluated the occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in raw milk produced in four important milk producing regions in Brazil, correlating this result with the levels of hygiene indicator microorganisms (total aerobic counts, fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli) and the presence of chemical substances used in animal rearing (sanitizers, antibiotics and pesticides). The study also evaluated some factors that may interfere in the detection of both pathogens in raw milk, mainly sensitivity of the analytical method, potential inhibitory activity of chemical residues and antagonism of the autoctonous microbiota. The study was conducted with raw milk samples collected in milk farms located in four Brazilian States: Paraná, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul and Minas Gerais, selected according to milking procedures and machinery availability. Results indicated that both pathogens were absent in the samples, despite 48.6% of the samples were not in accordance to the standards of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture (Instrução Normativa 51), that will be in place next July 2005. Chlorine was not detected, but 11.4% of the samples were positive for antibiotics. The great majority (93.8%) was positive for organophosphorous and/or carbamate pesticides. Results conformed that the sensitivity of the analytical method is dependent on the level of microbial contamination of the samples. The pesticides presented no action over the tested pathogens. Among 360 bacterial colonies isolated from the milk samples, 25.3% and 9.2% were active against L. monocytogenes e Salmonella spp., respectively. Most of them were identified as Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis and Enterococcus faecium. It was concluded that L. monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. should not be considered relevant pathogens in raw milk produced in the four tested regions in Brazil, but the negative results should be interpreted with care because there are factors that may interfere in the isolation of the pathogens, mainly L. monocytogenes, being the antagonism of components of the autoctonous microbiota the most important. (AU) | |