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Derivatization of cellulose, under homogeneous reaction conditions

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Author(s):
Naiara Torres Ruiz
Total Authors: 1
Document type: Master's Dissertation
Press: São Paulo.
Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ)
Defense date:
Examining board members:
Omar A. EL Seoud; Yoshio Kawano; Luiz Henrique Capparelli Mattoso
Advisor: Omar A. El Seoud
Abstract

The objective of this work is the derivatization of cellulose, under homogeneous reaction conditions, bya simple, reproductive and efficient method, in the three steps of the process (activation-dissolution- derivatization). Previously, extensive work has been carried out on the solvent system studied in this work, DMAC/LiCl. Different mechanisms have been proposed to a fast dissolution with minimum aggregates formation and low degradation of cellulose chain. The following celluloses were used in this work: Avicel PH 101 (DP = 150), eucalyptus (DP = 685) and cotton linter (DP= 850). Cellulose swelling was studied in different solvents (protics and aprotics). This step is responsible for two phenomena: (i) fiber structure degradation through fiber swelling; and (ii) insertion of solvent molecules among the chains breaking intermolecular H-bonding (cellulose activation step). The determined swelling was correlated with some solvent properties as molar volume, acidity, basicidity, polarity/polarizability and empirical polarity, Vm, α; β; π*; and ET(30), respectively. The results showed that α or β, Vm and π* influence swelling in protic solvents; Vm and π* are important in aprotic solvents; and DMSO has the strongest swelling power. The last information was used to change a method developed before, where cellulose is dissolved in LiCI/DMAC after a thermal activation step under reduced pressure. The newmethod involves cellulose pre-treatment with DMSO, before the dissolution in the above-cited solvent system. This simple and efficient method resulted in smaller cellulose degradation verified by: (i) the color of the solution (clear and limpid) and (ii) the determination of PD of the obtained acetates. Another advantage of this method is the dissolution of cotton linter without previous mercerization. The relationship acetic anhydride/UAG found in the synthesis of cellulose triacetates were 3, 3, 3,75 e 4,5 for Avicel PH 101, mercerized eucalyptus, eucalyptus and cotton, respectively. Acetylation degree was determined by 13C NMR, the following reactivity order was observed C6 > C2 > C3. (AU)