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| Author(s): |
Domingos Sávio Moreira dos Santos Macedo
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 1996-09-05 |
| Advisor: | Virgilio Mauricio Viana |
| Abstract | |
This study is divided into four chapters. Chapter I provides ecological information about the structure and function of floodplain forests in the Amazon estuary, mainly in relation to periodic regimes of flooding and their influence on the biophysical environment. The next chapters provide on ecological basis for management of this ecosystem. Under various forest management intensities, the study focuses on the impact on the structure of adult trees (Chapter IV) on the natural regeneration of seedlings (Chapter III); and on the growth of seedlings of Virola surinamensis that were planted within the forest (Chapter II). The study site is located at the mouth of the Amazon river, in the municipality of Gurupá, Pará State, Brazil (latitude 0º47'S and longitude 51°37'W). Two leveIs of oscilation were found: i) low water leveI during July through January, at the same time as low leveIs of rainfall; and ii) high water leveI during February through June, at the same time as high leveIs of rainfall. The tidal regime is the great catalyst of biotic and abiotic activities in the floodplain forests, accelerating the renovation processes of its resources. As part of the methodology utilized, 16 square plots measuring 70 x 70 meters (0.49 ha) were defined, where a forest inventory was conducted in which alI trees DBH ≥ 10 cm were measured. Four treatments were applied with four replications each: i) without logging (control: treatment 1 T1); 25% removal of the basal area, beginning with the highest diameters (treatment 2 - T2), iii) removal of 50% of the basal area (treatment 3 - T3), and iv) removal of 75% of the basal area (treatment 4 - T4). After the forest logging, subplots of 40 x 40 meters (0.16 ha) were placed inside the main plots of 0.49 ha, with a border of 15 m on each side. Then an enrichment planting was done using seedlings of Virola surinamensis (Rol.) Warb., with a of 144 seedlings per subplot, within the subplots, microplots of 2 x 2 meters (4 m2) were placed crossing the center of the subplots. The ean percentages of light (luminosity) obtained under the treatments were: 5.6% (TI); 13.5% (T2); 24.8% (T3); and 40.1% (T4) . Likewise, the interaction between light and topography exerted no significant effect on seedling growth. Topographic variation, as well as the interaction between light and topography, exerted no effect on seedling mortality. The number of species and individuals increased signicantly as light luminosity) increased. In addition, the heterogeneity index of Shannon and the species richness index of Margalef reflected these changes, especially at the extremes (TI and T4). The comercial volume per ha: 58.88 m3 (T2); 93.13 m3 (T3); and 136.86 m3 (T4). The mean costs per cubic meter per ha were: US$6.37 (T2); US$5.80 (T3) and US$5.46 (T4). In relation to trees damaged, statistical differences were found between T2 and T3 and T4. (AU) | |