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| Author(s): |
Amaury Camilo Valinote
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Pirassununga. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Zootecnica e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZE/BT) |
| Defense date: | 2004-01-09 |
| Examining board members: |
Jose Carlos Machado Nogueira Filho;
Guilherme Fernando Alleoni;
Paulo Roberto Leme
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| Advisor: | Jose Carlos Machado Nogueira Filho |
| Abstract | |
Four Nellore steers, with rumen cannulas and 502 ± 32 kg were utilized in a 4 x 4 Latin Square design experiment to evaluate the effects of diets with whole cottonseed or calcium salt of fatty acid as lipid source, on ruminal parameters and ciliate protozoa, as well as the monensin effect with diets with whole cottonseed. The study was carried out at Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos (FZEA) of the Universidade de São Paulo (USP). The experimental treatments were: control diet (CRTL), salt calcium diet (SC), cottonseed diet (CA), and cottonseed diet without monensin (CASM). The parameters evaluated were roughage and total diet in situ degradability, volatile fatty acids concentration, amoniacal nitrogen concentration, ruminal pH, liquid passage, turnover and ruminal volume, and number and specie of ciliate protozoa. Each experimental period was consisted of 16 days of adaptation and 6 days of colletion, composing 22 days per experimental period. The degradability coefficients at the follow incubation periods: 0; 6; 12; 24; 48; 72 and 96 hours; were measure the rumen liquid and content was sampled at 0; 2; 4; 6 and 8 hours; the liquid marker collected at 0; 1.5; 3; 6; 12 and 24 after feeding. The sugar cane dry matter, and DM and EE total diet degradability did not show statistical difference (p>0.10). The ADF and NDF roughage degradability, and total diet CP degradability showed interaction time x treatment (p<0.07). The ruminal volume, liquid passage, pH, fatty acid concentration and N-NH3 , did not show statistical differences (p>0.10). The CA treatment showed higher turnover value (p=0.0691). The acetic:propionic proportion had time x treatment interaction (p=0.0228). The treatments with cottonseed decreased the total number of ciliate protozoa (p<0,01), especially for Entodinium (p<0,01). In this study conditions, monensin showed no effect when lipid was present on the diet. Even little unsaturated fat quantities in the rumen rumen, as cottonseed fatty acids were prejudicial to ciliate protozoa. The fat sources evaluated are alternatives to ruminant feeding, without deleterious effect to rumen function. The monensin addition seems to be unnecessary with diets with not protect fat. More works are necessary to study others additives on fat fed to ruminants, as well as the fat transformation on rumen environment. (AU) | |