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| Author(s): |
Nathalie Tissot Boiaski
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto Astronômico e Geofísico (IAG/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2007-12-10 |
| Examining board members: |
Leila Maria Vespoli de Carvalho;
Pedro Leite da Silva Dias;
Ilana Elazari Klein Coaracy Wainer
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| Advisor: | Leila Maria Vespoli de Carvalho |
| Abstract | |
The Antarctic climate plays a significant role for the global energy budget. Previous studies suggest that interactions tropics-extratropics and the dynamics of the stratosphere are important factors to understand climate variations in the extratropics. The air temperature near surface responds to changes in circulation in low and upper levels. However, no previous studies have objectively investigated the importance of intraseasonal variations in modulating temperature around the Antarctica Peninsula. The present study examines intraseasonal extreme anomalies of near surface air temperature in the Antarctica Peninsula, and investigates interactions tropics-extratropics and troposphere-stratosphere. Daily temperature data from stations located east and west of the Antarctica Peninsula during 1986-2002 are investigated. Spectral analyses indicate that intraseasonal anomalies in temperature records are statistically significant during summer, winter and spring in all stations. Based on these results, temperatures are band-filtered on intraseasonal timescales (20-100 days) and extreme anomalies are investigated in each season (spring, summer and winter) based on the quartiles of the distributions. Intraseasonal extreme temperature (IET) anomalies are more intense during winter than during summer. Variations in the atmospheric circulation during IET are investigated by performing composites of intraseasonal anomalies of the geopotential height in 200hPa, zonal wind in 200hPa and meridional wind in 850hPa. During the three seasons, cold IET are associated with persistent upper level cyclonic anomalies, easterly anomalies of the polar jet and cold advection in low levels over the Peninsula. Opposite features are observed during warm IET. An extratropical wave-train is observed during all IET with stronger intensity during winter and spring. This feature resembles the Pacific South American (PSA) teleconnection pattern. The Southern Hemisphere Annular mode during the IET, identified as the first Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) of the intraseasonal 700hPa geopotential height anomalies poleward of 20oS, is more intense (weak) during cold (warm) IET events during winter. The stratosphere-troposphere interaction during IET events was examined with composites of the Eliassen-Palm Flux intraseasonal anomalies (EPIS). During spring, the wave activity is more intense and the EPIS direction is opposite to winter. During summer, EPIS are weak. Intraseasonal anomalies in the circulation and the wave activity in the troposphere and stratosphere lead the IET during winter in about 10 days. Therefore, the intraseasonal activity in the extratropics and the interactions stratosphere-troposphere are important factors for a complete understanding of the temperature variability over the Antarctica Peninsula. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 05/52389-2 - Climate extremes in Antarctica and relationships with the climate of South America |
| Grantee: | Nathalie Tissot Boiaski |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |