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| Author(s): |
Camila de Moura Egídio
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2008-08-05 |
| Examining board members: |
Eduardo Moraes Reis;
Hugo Aguirre Armelin;
Dirce Maria Carraro;
Maria Aparecida Azevedo Koike Folgueira;
Maria Aparecida Nagai
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| Advisor: | Eduardo Moraes Reis |
| Abstract | |
Breast carcinoma is the most frequently occurring cancer amongst women in Brazil. The treatments available for breast cancer are prescribed based on the results of prognostic factors, such as the TNM classification system, histological type, hormonal receptor status and tumoral markers for cell proliferation. Nevertheless, breast cancer classification can be variable and inconsistent, and the prognosis power of tumoral markers is still limited, resulting in many patients unnecessarily undergoing adjuvant therapy. Therefore, there is an urge for new prognosis methods that are more sensitive, as well as accurate, in order to improve treatment decisions for breast cancer patients. From a basic science perspective, transcriptional modifications associated with oncogenesis and breast cancer progression are still poorly understood. Beyond alterations of the expression of protein-coding genes, recent evidences suggest that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) might have an important role in malignant transformation. The main goals of this project are: i) to investigate the expression of intronic ncRNAs in breast cancer tissue and ii) to identify gene expression signatures correlated to anatomo-pathological and clinical characteristics of human breast tumors, with a potential clinical aplication. To achieve this, gene expression profiles of 58 breast tumor samples with clinical follow-up were compared using a microarray platform enriched in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) derived from intronic regions of known human genes. During this project different gene expression methodologies were tested for the analysis of one- or two-color cDNA microarrays. The experimental design included the co-hybridization of the microarrays with fluorescent targets representing the tumor sample transcriptome with a reference oligonucleotide that is complementary to a 12 common region present in all cDNA probes (RefOligo). This experimental design permited the evaluation of two gene expression analysis approaches: the first based on direct intensities of each transcript (One-Color) and the second based in expression ratios where the intensity of each transcript is normalized by the reference oligonucleotide (RefOligo). One-Color methodology has shown to provide a more reproducible and sensitive gene expression signatures correlated to the breast samples characteristics and, therefore, this approach was chosen for subsequent analysis. The data provided by the microarray experiments revealed that ubiquitous expression of intronic ncRNAs was observed, confirming the relevance of investigating the role of this class of ncRNAs in breast cancer. Furthermore, a gene expression signature comprising 95 transcripts and correlated to the estrogen receptor status of breast tumor samples was identified, from which approximately 15% are ncRNAs. Using only samples from patients with known follow-up, a signature of 113 transcripts was identified, of which 30% are ncRNAs. This gene expression signature was able to distinguish with 100% accuracy patients that developed metastasis from those that remained disease-free up to 4 years after surgery. Besides the contribution of new molecular prognostic markers for breast cancer, the present study indicates that intronic ncRNAs might play a role in complex transcriptional networks, possibly regulating the expression of protein-coding genes. The detailed caracterization of the functional roles of ncRNAs, whose expression levels are correlated to fenotypical and clinical characteristics of breast tumors, is likely to provide new insigths on the molecular basis of tumorigenesis and progression of this neoplasia. (AU) | |