Synthesis and evaluation of selenium(IV) and tellurium(IV) compounds as cysteine and threonine proteases inhibitors

Author(s)

Leandro Piovan

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ)
• Defense date: 2011-07-20

Examining board members

Leandro Helgueira de Andrade; Reinaldo Camino Bazito; Regina Aparecida Correia Gonçalves; Cristiano Raminelli; Alcindo Aparecido dos Santos

• Advisor: Leandro Helgueira de Andrade

Abstract

The synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of selenium(IV) and tellurium(IV) compounds have been described in this research. This series was designed to allow different structural factors to be evaluated, and the possible strutucture-activity relationships determinated. Selenium, tellurium, chlorine and bromine were differently combined in a carbon backbone with or without an asymmetric center. The compounds were synthetized by using both chemo-enzymatic methodology and classical selenium and tellurium chemistry. From biological assays, relative potency, second-order inactivation constant, inhibition mechanism, IC50 and cell viability were determinated according to the experimental possibilities involving each enzyme protocol. The 12 compounds synthesized from the possible combinations among selenium, tellurium, chlorine and bromine were evaluated as cysteine cathepsins B, K, V and S inhibitors, and their relative potencies were determined. By determining the second-order inactivation constant for cysteine cathepsins V and S, it was shown that a tellurium and bromine combination led to most powerfull inhibitors. Selenium and chlorine combination led to less potent inhibitiors, while selenium and bromine, and tellurium and chlorine led to inhibitors with intermediate potency. Those compounds were also evaluated as 20S proteasome inhibitors, a threonine protease. We first observed selenium and tellurium-containing compounds acting as inhibitors of 20S proteasome. The IC50 values were determinate and tellurium compounds were more potent again. On the other hand, tellurium compound did not inhibit proteasome in cells, while selenium-containing compound does it. By cell viability assays it was verified that selenium-containing compounds were more cytotoxic than their tellurium analogs. This data is interesting for someone that wishes to develop an anti-cancer agent where the biological response desired is death of cancerous cells. (AU)