Full text
| |
| Author(s): |
Camila Bento de Lima
Total Authors: 1
|
| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2009-02-19 |
| Examining board members: |
Regina Lucia de Moraes Moreau;
Sandra Helena Poliselli Farsky;
Fábio Ribeiro da Silva
|
| Advisor: | Regina Lucia de Moraes Moreau |
| Abstract | |
Benzodiazepines (BZD) are widely used for the treatment of anxiety. They enhance GABA-ergic neurotransmission through binding on specific BDZ recognition sites, within the GABAA receptor-ion channel complex, where they allosterically modulate its activity. However, recents studies showed that BZD also act on peripheral benzodiazepine receptor sites (PBR). Evidence for a direct immunomodulatory action for BZD emerged from studies that demonstrated the presence of PBR on immune/inflammatory cells. The present experiment was designed to analyze the effects of diazepam on rat immune parameters and to develop a method to detect diazepam on rat plasma through a liquid-phase microextraction technique (LPME). The effects of both acute and long-term (21 days) diazepam (1 and 10 mg/kg/day) administrations were evaluated. Results showed that diazepam (1 mg/kg) treatment did not change the immune parameters analyzed; however, long-term diazepam treatment decreased erytrocytes, hemoglobin and hematocrit values. Both diazepam (10mg/kg) acute and long-term treatments decreased the number of apoptotic cells and, consequently, enhanced the percentage of viable cells; they also increased the percentage of Thelper and Tcitotoxic cells; decreased the percentage of B cells and increased the corticosterone serum levels. Long-term diazepam (10 mg/kg) treatment enhanced reticulocytes and segmented cells in the peripheric blood; however, only acute diazepam (10mg/kg) treatment increased the number of segmented cells on spleen. The low dose of diazepam used (1 mg/kg) was unable to induce tolerance, differently of that found after the high dose of diazepam (10 mg/kg). This latter treatment indicated the development of functional tolerance, at least for diazepam effects on corticosterone serum levels. These results suggested that low doses of diazepam (< 1 mg/kg) were not able to change the immune parameters analyzed; however, high doses of diazepam (> 10 mg/kg) changed many of these immune parameters. It is possible that the observed effects were related to the number of PBR receptor sites present on immune cells and/or to the levels of serum diazepam after the treatments used. The analytical method provided to be linear in the interest range (dynamic range from 25 to 2000 ng/mL) for diazepam and its main metabolite, desmethyldiazepam. The limits of detection and quantification were 20 and 25 ng/mL, respectively, and the parameters analyzed provided to be satisfactory. Finally, the method developed utilizing the liquid-phase microextraction technique showed to be practical, with low costs and thus presenting potential to be used previously to the extraction procedures, i.e., prior to the injection into the gas-chromatography apparatus. (AU) | |