Functional changes of macrophages activated in M1 and M2 patterns derived from HIV-1+ patients in response to fungal and bacterial stimuli.

Author(s)

Leonardo Judson Galvão de Lima

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: Ribeirão Preto.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC)
• Defense date: 2014-03-28

Examining board members

Fabiani Gai Frantz; Gabriela Silva Bisson; Dumith Chequer Bou habib

• Advisor: Fabiani Gai Frantz

Abstract

Three decades after the association of HIV infection with the AIDS development and its recognition as a global epidemic, many questions remain unanswered and hamper the development of new and more effective therapeutic and prophylactic approaches. The AIDS development is characterized by proinflammatory cytokines storm in plasma, followed by severe immunosuppression and abrupt reduction of CD4+ T cells during viral replication. In contrast, macrophages are chronically infected by the virus and can survive for several months, acting as important viral reservoir. However, although there is no cell number reduction, infected macrophages have several problems of differentiation and functional impairments. The recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and the presence of cytokines in the cellular microenvironment determine the macrophage activation into the Classic (M1) or Alternative (M2) patterns. Our results indicated that cytokine storm on plasma is partially reversed during regular use of antiretroviral therapy. No release of nitric oxide was observed by M1 and M2a macrophages after stimulation with PAMPs, providing clues about the silencing of this pathway in human macrophages. Classical and alternatively activated macrophages have progressive reduction of cytokines and chemokines release after stimulation with LPS ou -Glucana, with partial restore after regular use of antirretroviral therapy. Together, our data may be useful in establishing a new approach to monitoring the antiretroviral therapy, based on functional response of macrophages. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/02799-3 - Functional changes of macrophages activated in M1 and M2 patterns derived from HIV-1+ patients in response to fungal and bacterial stimuli
• Grantee: Leonardo Judson Galvão de Lima
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master