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| Author(s): |
Allysson Coelho Sampaio
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB/SDI) |
| Defense date: | 2010-06-02 |
| Examining board members: |
José Xavier Neto;
Anselmo Sigari Moriscot;
Deborah Schechtman;
Denise Selivon Scheepmaker;
Chao Yun Irene Yan
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| Advisor: | José Xavier Neto |
| Abstract | |
To elucidate the genetic pathways controlling cardiac chamber formation, the atrial specific gene promoter SMyHC3 was analyzed. In transgenic mice, the atrial specific expression an 840 bp of the SMyHC3 promoter was linked to reporter gene human alkaline phosphatase (HAP), SMyHC3-HAP. By directed mutagenesis and deletion analysis we identified the more distal 72 bp of the promoter as responsible of the atrial expression. This fragment contains putative binding sites to nuclear receptors, the CNRRE (complex nuclear receptor response element), defined by molecular modeling. RA (retinoic acid) treatment in SMyHC3-HAP embryos expands the atrial domain. However, the RA effectors, RXR/RAR bind with low affinity to the SMyHC3 promoter. These receptors are not able to activate the promoter even in the presence of coactivators such as p300, CBP and GRIP1. These results suggest that RA acts indirectly to regulate this atrial marker. Cell transient transfection shows that COUPTF2 activate the SMyHC3 promoter, and COUPTF2 siRNA inhibits the transactivation of the SMyHC3 promoter. Treatment of embryos with RA increases the COUPTF2 expression reinforcing the idea that this receptor could be regulatedindirectly by RA. Bioinformatic studies revealed that CNRRE is present in the 3 region of the ortholog chicken AMHC1 gene. Alignments indicate that this CNRRE could have been acquired by an exaptation event. In conclusion, the SMyHC3 promoter seems to be controlled by RA and COUPTF2 governing atrial expression. However the nature of relationships between RA and COUPTF2 need to be elucidated. (AU) | |