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| Author(s): |
Rodrigo Marques
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto Astronômico e Geofísico (IAG/SBD) |
| Defense date: | 2011-07-29 |
| Examining board members: |
Adalgiza Fornaro;
Fabio Luiz Teixeira Goncalves;
Americo Adlai Franco Sansigolo Kerr;
Theotonio Mendes Pauliquevis Junior;
Rita Yuri Ynoue
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| Advisor: | Adalgiza Fornaro |
| Abstract | |
Cuiabá City, capital of Mato Grosso State, suffers with biomass burning for different reasons: seasonality to have a defined dry and wet season, and localization to be in the southern Amazon biome, in Savanna area. So, this work intends to research seasonal effects of meteorology conditions in the chemical composition of rainwater, dustfall and fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5-10) fraction of inhalable particulate matter in this city between 2006 and 2009. Values of rainwater pH samples have varied between 4,13 and 8,21 volume weight mean (VWM) were 5,03 and 5,37 for dry and wet season respectively Predominant ions were Ca2+>NH4 +>NO3 ->HCO3 ->K+>Cl->Na+>SO4 2->HCOO->Mg2+. Dustfall samples were collected during August and September of 2006-2009, total of 121 samples. Generally dustfall pH values were higher than rainwater, mean of 6,73, have being predominant ions K+>Ca2+>Cl- >NO3 ->NH4 +>Na+>Mg2+>HCO3 ->SO4 2->C2O4 2-. Both of rainwater and dustfall samples were observed significant correlations, indicating biomass burning influence in the chemical composition of samples. Also were observed correlations between NO3 -, SO4 2-, Ca2+ e NH4 + that can indicate influence of agricultural activities, fertilizes use, rural sewage and limestone exploration. Results of PM daily concentrations have indicated a high seasonality, with mean of 13 g m-3 in the wet season, and 22.8 g m-3 in the dry season for PM2.5. For PM2.5-10 concentrations, results were 25.6 and 55.8 g m-3 during wet and dry season. Black carbon concentrations have varied between 0.61 and 17.8 g m-3, and 0.05 and 4.47 for PM2.5 and PM2.5-10, where about 80% was from PM2.5. Utilizing chemical mass balance from receptor models, has verified that biomass burning is responsible for 30% of PM2.5 composition, and the dust soil is responsible for 34% of PM2.5-10 composition. These concentrations have indicated that there are two realities, being one during wet season due lower concentrations of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10, agreement with OMS guidelines. Other reality occur during dry season when concentrations can be higher than 150 g m-3. Low rainwater concentrations indicate that Cuiabá City, being a continental area, has not been impacted with the acid rain phenomenon, and possibility a discussion about rainwater domestic uses. Results also show that this kind of simultaneous sampler (rainwater, inhalable particulate matter and dustfall) present advantage to represent all specter of size aerosols. One of benefits offered by the dustfall sampled method is its efficiency, furthermore its low costs in measuring allows the sampling in regions it is not possible to acquire automatic sampler. (AU) | |