Biochemical and immunological characterization of ATP- diphosphohydrolases 1 and 2 from Schistosoma mansoni parasite

Author(s)

Julio Cesar Levano Garcia

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ)
• Defense date: 2008-02-19

Examining board members

Shaker Chuck Farah; Célia Regina da Silva Garcia; Suely Lopes Gomes; Sandro Roberto Marana; Sérgio Costa Oliveira

• Advisor: Sérgio Verjovski de Almeida

Abstract

ATPDases or ATP-diphosphohydrolases are enzymes that cleave ATP and ADP to AMP and Pi and are involved in inhibition of platelet aggregation. In the parasite Schistosoma mansoni our group had identified and cloned the ATPDase1 gene and localized the protein on the tegument surface. Recently, we cloned the ATPDase2 gene using S. mansoni EST databank information and we immunolocalized it also in the tegument. ATPDase 2 was found on both the apical and basal tegument membranes together with ATPDase1, but only ATPDse2 was found in the syncytium space of the tegument. The presence of both enzymes on the tegumental outer surface suggests a major role in regulation of nucleotides abundance. Expression analysis of both genes was performed by Real Time RT- PCR using RNA from eggs, miracidia, cercariae, schistosomula and adult worms. The results showed that ATPDase1 gene was more expressed in eggs (7-fold), adults (6-fold), cercariae (3.5-fold) and schistosomula (1.5-fold) when compared to miracidia, which was taken as the reference. ATPDase2 gene was more expressed in eggs (16-fold), cercariae (11-fold), miracidia (7-fold) and adult worms (2-fold) when compared to schistosomula, showing that both genes are modulated along the life cycle stages. For further characterization of these enzymes, they were expressed heterologously in the yeast Pichia pastoris as fusion proteins with hexa-histidine tags and the recombinant proteins were purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. The recombinant ATPDases were obtained in active form and activity measurements were performed. ATPDase1 did show ATPase and ADPase activities about 650 and 160 nmoles Pi.min-1.mg-1 , respectively. ATPDase2 had ATPase and ADPase activities in the range of 1050 and 250 nmoles Pi.min-1.mg-1 , respectively. These results were obtained in the presence of calcium as cofactor. Additionally, UTPase and UDPase activities were found for both enzymes. Circular dichroism studies with these enzymes elucidated their secondary structures; ATPDase1 (S66 to Q507 ) has alpha helix (7%), beta sheet (45%) and random coil (48%), whereas ATPDase2 (N83 a K564 ) showed alpha helix (14%), beta sheet (33%) and random coil (53%). We found that ATPDase2 was secreted by the parasite to the medium, similar to what has been described for human CD39-L2 and CD39-L4 ATP-diphosphohydrolases. Additionally, a penetration assay (cercaria to mice) using antibody anti-ATPDase1 did show a decrease of 20% in the penetration capacity through mice skin of cercaria previously incubated with this antiserum. Because ATPDase2 gene expression was increased in miracidia and cercariae, the stages that infect snail and human, respectively, we postulate that ATPDase2 may help the parasite\'s invasion process. In the egg stage both genes were highly expressed suggesting a possible involvement of the ATPDases in the protection response of eggs against the human immune system. Assays of protection against S. mansoni in mice, using recombinant ATPDase1 and 2 as antigens, resulted in low protection obtaining no more than 20% of parasite burden reduction. (AU)