Full text
| |
| Author(s): |
Ricardo Augusto Massarico Serafim
Total Authors: 1
|
| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2011-09-29 |
| Examining board members: |
Elizabeth Igne Ferreira;
Liliana Marzorati;
Daniela Gonçales Rando
|
| Advisor: | Elizabeth Igne Ferreira |
| Abstract | |
Chagas\' disease is an extremely neglected disease, whose etiologic agent is the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. Nowadays, 21 countries in Latin America have been considered endemic area, in which 75-90 million people are exposed to infection, 15-16 million are infected and more than 41 thousands new cases are registered each year. However, nifurtimox and benznidazol are the only drugs available in the market. Besides, their low efficiency in the chronic phase of disease, they cause several side effects and in Brazil only benznidazol is applied. This scarce therapeutic armamentarium shows the importance of seeking for more effective drugs against Chagas\' disease. For these reasons, this study aims the synthesis of compounds with dual activity against T. cruzi, using the prodrug design with the active bioisosters of nitro-heterocyclic, synthesized in our research group. The derivatives proposed are mutual prodrugs of hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) and its bioisosters, promising with respect to cruzain inhibition, with NO-releasing group. Thus, they could act with a dual mechanism, in cruzain enzyme and also in other cysteine-proteases through the nitric oxide released action. Besides, they could be trypanothione reductase inhibitors, as stated to other nitro compounds. The synthesis of the intermediate compounds was carried out successfully, except for the NFSOH compound, which could not be isolated. The solvent-free methodology proved to be an alternative for synthesis of nitrofurazone and analogues containing semicarbazone. Different methods (direct and indirect) and several variations in reaction conditions were used for the synthesis of nitrate esters proposed. Nevertheless, the prodrugs were not obtained, probably due to the low reactivity of the hydroxymethyl nitro-heterocyclic employed. At the same time, molecular modeling studies to evaluate the possible interaction with the macromolecular target cruzain were performed. The analysis of electrostatic potential maps (MEP) suggests a greater electronic impairment in compounds containing thiosemicarbazone function. Docking studies, however, showed a possible preference to the nucleofilic attack of Cys25 in the nitrate ester relatively to the carbonyl/tiocarbonyl group, suggesting cruzain inactivation by S-nitrosotiol formation. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 09/06489-6 - Potential antichagasic agents: mutual prodrugs of hydroxymethylnitrofurazone and of nitric oxide releasing group |
| Grantee: | Ricardo Augusto Massarico Serafim |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |