Ethylene oxide sterilization: effectivity study of non explosive blends and compatible with ozone layer

Author(s)

Débora Cristina de Oliveira

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ)
• Defense date: 2000-04-10

Examining board members

Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli Pinto; Dominique Corinne Hermine Fischer; Célia Hitomi Yamamoto

• Advisor: Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli Pinto

Abstract

Taking into account the importance of the sterilization process applied to medicines and medical devices, different kinds of methods have been developed, also applicable to heat sensitive materiais. Ethylene oxide is the process most widely applied to medical devices. Due its explosiveness and inflamability, it has been used associated to non active gases, wich inhibit these properties, mainly the chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Recent knowledge about ozone-depleting gases and an international consensus on the need of reducing their effects are promoting a search for alternative chemicals. From these, one of the most interesting are the hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) which, besides having this role, can also be used as transitional compounds while more environmentally suitable compounds are not available. This paper aims to compare two ethylene oxide sterilization mixtures: Oxyfume 12R (using CFC 12) and Oxyfume 2002R (using HCFCs 22 and 124), under different concentrations (450mg/L and 600mg/L) and different temperatures (45°C, 55°C and 65°C). To accomplish this procedure, sub-Iethal challenges were performed (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 minutes of exposition), in a total of 180 cycles, using six biological indicators per cycle prepared in a laboratory, in a total of 1080 units, as well as two others purchased from an American supplier (AttestR 1264, 3M), in a total of 360 units. The former indicators were obtained using Bacillus subtilis var. niger ATCC 9372 in Roux bottles, innoculated on paper carriers and wrapped up on protective packaging. The posterior lethality study and D value calculation highlighted the highest resistance of AttestR indicators in comparison with the laboratory ones. This can be explained by different leveIs of spores purification, alongside with the differences between the carriers and packaging used in both cases. The sterilizing efficacy of Oxyfume 12R and Oxyfume 2002R revealed equivalent results, even in different concentrations. The influence of higher temperatures was efficient (p=1,0). Aiming at occupational safety, environmental monitoration was also performed related to ethylene oxide, using DragüerR detection tubes and foley pump. The results, obtained in different positions and moments under 1 ppm, confirmed that the engineering concepts indicated by the Portaria Interministerial nº 482 from 16 april 1999, published on the 19th of the same month in the Diário Oficial, offer residual safe levels compatible with human presence. It is therefore gratifying to conclude that the sterilization process using Oxyfume 2002R is both an efficient contribution to a safe utilization of products and, at the same time, to preserve the animallife on Earth. (AU)