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| Author(s): |
Marina Silva da Cunha
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Piracicaba. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALA/BC) |
| Defense date: | 1998-08-26 |
| Advisor: | Rodolfo Hoffmann |
| Abstract | |
This work develops an extension of sraffian's approach, considering a model where the economy is divided in two sectors, the industrial and the agricultural. From a system in physical units it is possible to determine labour values and prices of production. Initially a review of sraffian's and sraffians marxian' models with simple production and with alternative techniques is realized. After that, following Sraffa, the production of agricultural commodities is considered, analysing systems where there are several qualities of land and systems where there are several methods or technical of production used in a homogeny land. Three methods of labour values determination are analysed and we can conclude that Morishima's suggestion, with linear programming is the most consistent with the Marxist theory. Based in sraffian's approach and in Morishima's contribution for the labour value analysis, we can verify when there is an agricultural sector with scarcity of some kind of land, the existence of positive surplus-value is a necessary condition, but is not a sufficient condition to positive profits. Besides, the effective values are always positive. We refute three affirmations in Morishima and Catephores' work, of 1980. Firstly, in an economic system where scarce lands are cultivated the surplus-value is calculated for an individual worker, it can be higher than the one which is calculated for all workers of the system, differently of Morishima and Catephores' affirmation. Secondly, in this economic system the optimum values are not aditive, and the same happens to the true values. Finally, the sum of true individual values of each commodities multiplied by the respective amounts of its net product on the system, can be smaller than true value of product of system. The sraffian marxian's model, in terms of price of production, has some aspects which were not analysed by Marx. Firstly, the order of efficiency of lands does not represent a natural characteristic, but it depends on income distribution and on the demand for cereal in the economy. Secondly, the order of efficiency does not correspond, in general, to the order of rentability of the lands. (AU) | |