Acid digestion in higher Diptera

Author(s)

Érika Hotz Almeida

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ)
• Defense date: 2003-03-10

Examining board members

Walter Ribeiro Terra; Maria Teresa Machini de Miranda; Pedro Lagerblad de Oliveira

• Advisor: Walter Ribeiro Terra

Abstract

Insects are the most numerous of living beings and are found in almost all habitats. The midgut of these animals is the main interface between them and their enviroment. Thus, the study of digestive enzymes or of other proteins relateded to the insect digestive process is putatively useful for the development of new insect control strategies. Houseflies (higher Diptera) are the only animals, besides vertebrates, that present an acidic region in the midgut (Vonk & Western, 1984). Due do that, a detailed analysis of the acidic digestion in these insects may disclose molecular evolutionary paralellisms between those animals. Two enzymes were chosen along the aims discussed: a Musca domestica aspartic-proteinase, similar to cathepsin D and a digestive lysozyme from Drosophila melanogaster. To purify the cathepsin D-like proteinase from M. domestica larvae, larval foreguts and midguts were homogeneized, centrifuged, and the resulting supernatant was used as an enzyme source. Ion-exchange chromatography followed by a gel filtration of enzyme extract resulted in a homogeneous preparation of the enzyme. Clones of lysozyme from D. melanogaster (LysD) and A. darling (Lysdar) were used in the construction of expression vectors, which were used to transform E. coli cells (OrigamiTM B(DE3)) and P. pastoris GS115 (his4). Bacteria transformed with pT7-dar (the expression vector which contained the gene Lysdar), when induced by IPTG, expressed a protein with a molecular weight of 14 kDa, as expected for lysozyme. This protein was found in inclusion bodies that were solubilized in 3% SDS resulting in a protein with no activity. After choosing at random P. pastoris colonies transformed with the expression vector pPIC9-D (containing the gene LysD), they were submited to a PCR. The colonies with 366pb products were grown and induced by methanol. P. pastoris was engineered to excrete the expressed proteins. In accordance to that, about 12 mg of lysozyme were recovered from each litter of culture medium. Recombinant D. melanogaster lysozyme D was more active at acid pH values, when present in media with physiological ionic strengths, and its Km value increased with the ionic strength of media. This is agreement with data obtained with lysozyme D isolated from D. melanogaster midgut. The results support the assertion that this enzyme may be used in crystalographic and site mutagenesis studies to reveal the molecular basis of its catalytic properties. (AU)