Possible relation between cell coupling and cell cycle in the retina during neurodegeneration.

Author(s)

Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB/SDI)
• Defense date: 2012-09-03

Examining board members

Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara; Carla Beatriz Collares Buzato; Luis Paulo Barbour Scott

• Advisor: Alexandre Hiroaki Kihara

Abstract

Communication in the nervous system can occur directly between the cells through structures known as gap junction (GJ) channels. These channels allow the passage of small molecules up to 1 kDa and are composed of protein subunits named connexins (Cxs). Cell communication through GJ plays an important role during the development and visual signaling. Furthermore, cell coupling provided by the GJs has been related to processes of survival/cell death. Similarly, in addition to the classic role of cyclins and cyclins dependent kinases (CDKs) in the cell cycle regulation and differentiation, they are also involved in neurodegenerative processes. Recent studies have demonstrated the reentry of apoptotic post mitotic neurons in the cell cycle. In this context, we analyzed the gene and protein expression of Cxs and cyclins after lesions in the visual system, specifically in the retina. For this purpose, a mechanic trauma was induced in the retina, which represents a model that allows us to visualize the lesion focus, penumbra and adjacent areas. Using combined techniques, such as the real time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the spatio-temporal expression of these genes and their encoded proteins at different times post-lesion. The real-time PCR revealed no modulation of the Cx36 gene expression for all the times post-lesion analyzed. Our results showed increase in the Cx43 transcripts one, three and seven days post-lesion. The immunohistochemistry analysis indicated redistribution of Cx36 in response to the lesion in different times. On the other hand, Cx43 presented evident increased expression in the focus and penumbra areas of the lesion one, three and seven days post-lesion. In our experiments we could observe that cyclin D1 is expressed in cells located close to the lesion focus one and three days post-lesion, while cyclin B1 is expressed in these cells only one day post-lesion. The Western blot analysis did not show changes on the protein levels evaluated in this study in any of the post-lesion times analyzed. Data obtained from this study suggest i) the cells affected by the lesion are possibly coupled by GJ; ii) these cells express protein regulators of cell cycle. Altogether, the results indicate that it is possible to induce or prevent the reentry of post mitotic cells of the retina in the cell cycle, by controlling cell coupling provided by GJ. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 09/15255-9 - Cell coupling and cell cycle relationship in neurodegeneration
• Grantee: Guilherme Shigueto Vilar Higa
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master