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| Author(s): |
Rafael Campos Duarte
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | Ribeirão Preto. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (PCARP/BC) |
| Defense date: | 2011-10-05 |
| Examining board members: |
Augusto Alberto Valero Flores;
Fosca Pedini Pereira Leite;
Glauco Machado
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| Advisor: | Augusto Alberto Valero Flores |
| Abstract | |
Color morphs are commonplace in a variety of animals, and may be either genetically constrained or induced by environmental cues. They are often associated to size or sex of individuals in a given population, and may signal different behavioral, ecological or physiological attributes. Hence, alternative morph-specific strategies, involving particular cost/benefit ratios, can be selected. The tropical caridean shrimp Hippolyte obliquimanus is an important species in coastal habitats, usually associated to macroalgal beds. Two main different color morphs are easily distinguished: homogeneous, either greenish-brown (G-B), pink (P) or black (B); and disruptive (D), characterized by a transparent longitudinal band, or circular colored bands, along the body. The purpose of this study was to evaluate possible mechanisms regulating the polymorphic condition in H. obliquimanus. For that, three specific objectives were set up. First, the distribution of color morphs in two dominant shallow subtidal macroalgae, Sargassum spp. and Galaxaura marginata, was assessed. Algal samples were obtained at different sites in the São Sebastião Channel (SP), and processed shortly after to sort out shrimps. The total shrimp density was highest in Sargassum spp. and color morphs were unevenly distributed between the two algae. G-B homogeneous individuals were more abundant in Sargassum spp., while P and B ones were more abundant in G. marginata. Disruptive shrimps were equally distributed. These results indicate that distribution of color morphs is related to the color of the substrate, making these shrimps more cryptic, and hence less susceptible to predators. Second, laboratory trials were conducted to test whether field observations are due to (i) habitat selection or (ii) chromatic alteration upon contact with the host alga. To test the first hypothesis, multiple-choice experiments were run using G-B and P individuals, offering the same volume of both Sargassum and Galaxaura. G-B shrimps did select Sargassum, while P animals did not show any preference. The same morphs were used to test the second hypothesis, but now confined with equal volumes of each of the algae above and their respective plastic ribbon-tape mimics, matching their color as close as possible. In just 5 d, both morphs changed their color upon contact with natural algae of unmatched coloration. No consistent color change was observed for shrimps in contact with algal mimics, suggesting that, for homogeneous morphs, chromatic change is achieved through feeding. Therefore, the natural distribution of color morphs is at least partially explained by these two processes combined. Such plasticity apparently contributes to reduce predation risk. Lastly, color morphs were characterized according to size, sex-ratio and key reproductive parameters to verify if polymorphism in this species implies in added costs. Size of homogeneous and disruptive morphs did not differ, but homogeneous shrimps were predominantly females and disruptive individuals mostly males. No morph-specific reproductive costs were identified, since reproductive parameters did not change between morphs. The maintenance of disruptive males, lacking substrate-matching coloration, is consistent with the simple-search mating system, in which highly mobile males mate with the highest possible number of females, not investing in time or energy in guarding. If so, reproductive costs of males and females are expected to be different, in accordance with the Dimorphic Niche Hypothesis. Geometric morphometric analysis comparing disruptive and homogeneous males evidenced significant differences in body shape. Disruptive shrimps are more streamlined, further suggesting they may in fact be more mobile and play a differential role in the population. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 09/06675-4 - Habitat selection and polymorphic status in populations of the shrimp Hippolyte obliquimanus Dana, 1852 (Decapoda: Caridea) |
| Grantee: | Rafael Campos Duarte |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Master |