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| Author(s): |
Patricia de Souza Medeiros Barbosa
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Master's Dissertation |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2009-08-13 |
| Examining board members: |
Pedro Vitoriano de Oliveira;
Maria Encarnacion Vazquez Suarez Iha;
Márcia Andréia Mesquita Silva da Veiga
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| Advisor: | Pedro Vitoriano de Oliveira |
| Abstract | |
In the present work analytical methods for determination of As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb in paper and board food packaging materials by solid sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-GF AAS) were developed. For direct determination of Hg, the best results were achieved using KMnO4 solution and an oxidant mixture (HNO3 + H2SO4) in combination with the graphite platform and inner wall of graphite tube modified with palladium as permanent modifier. The oxidant mixture allowed the \"in situ\" thermal pretreatment, reducing the background signals. The feasibility of using cryogenic ground spiked filter papers with different concentrations of the analyte as synthetic calibrating standards was investigated. The calibrating standards showed good homogeneity for As, Cd, Hg and Pb being suitable for both microanalysis and submicroanalysis. The method for the direct determination of Cr was not developed due to the contamination during the grinding step. The analytical calibration curves were made by increasing masses of one calibrating standard and similar masses of the calibrating standards containing different concentrations of the analyte. The ratio between slopes of analytical curves were approximately 1 for As, Cd, Hg e Pb, indicating the adequacy of using both calibrating procedures for SS-GF AAS. Vegetable certified reference materials were analyzed to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed methods. The results for As, Cd e Pb presented good accuracy and precision. The detection limits for the solid sample analysis were: 0,36 µg g-1 for As, 4,0 ng g-1 for Cd, 0,46 µg g-1 for Hg and 0,036 µg g-1 for Pb. The direct determination of As, Cd, Hg and Pb in paper and board food packaging material samples were successfully done indicating that the developed methods can be employed in the quality control of these samples with good sensibility, precision and accuracy. The concentration of Cd and Pb in analyzed packaging materials ranged from 0,015 to 0,099 µg g-1 and from 0,05 to 6,70 µg g-1, respectively. The concentration of As and Hg in packaging materials were below to the detection limits. It was possible the determination of Cr in solution after pieces of packaging materials digestion. The concentrations of Cr ranged from 1,8 to 4,1 µg g-1. (AU) | |