Potential antichagasic agents: design and synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolic hydroxymethylnitrofurazone bioisosteres and analogues

Author(s)

Fredson Torres Silva

• Document type: Master's Dissertation
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ)
• Defense date: 2014-12-12

Examining board members

Elizabeth Igne Ferreira; Daniela Gonçales Rando; Claudete Justina Valduga

• Advisor: Elizabeth Igne Ferreira

Abstract

Chagas disease, parasitosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a disease that predominates in Latin America. It is estimated that 10 million people are under the risk of infection and, in 2008, more than 10 thousand deaths were registered. The only two drugs available in the therapeutics, nifurtimox and benznidazole, showed to be more effective in the acute phase of the disease. However, there is no choice for the chronic phase. Nitrofurazone (NF), an antimicrobial drug, has activity against T. cruzi, although being toxic. Its hydroxymethyl derivative, the hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH), showed to be more active and less toxic than the prototype. Considering the need for new antichagasic drugs, the existence of promising new therapeutic targets, as 14α-esterol demethylase and cruzain, and by employing the bioisosterism approach, a virtual screening using T. cruzi CYP51 was performed for 144 NFOH analogues. Additionaly, a qualitative molecular interaction field study was performed, revealing 9 aminoacids in the parasitic enzyme relevant for selectivity. Five novel compounds were synthesized, characterized by melting range, elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR as well as HSQC, HMBC, HETCOR and NOESY experiments, in which the signal assigning were aided using molecular modeling techniques Four compounds were tested against T. cruzi amastigotes in infected U2OS cells. All compounds were sufficiently selective towards T. cruzi and showed trypanomicidal activity in low micromolar range. The compound LAPEN-2901 had its structure determined using X-ray crystallography and showed lower toxicity than NFOH and potency similar to benznidazole, but lower efficacy. These results highlight the importance of the 1,2,4-triazolic, thiosemicarbazonic and nitro group moieties for designing new efficient compounds for the chronic phase of Chagas disease. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 12/21865-7 - Potential antichagasic compounds: design and synthesis of 1,2,4-triazolic bioisosteres of hydroxymethylnitrofurazone and analogues
• Grantee: Fredson Torres Silva
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Master