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| Author(s): |
Renata dos Santos Cardoso
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Presidente Prudente. 2021-09-24. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp). Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia. Presidente Prudente |
| Defense date: | 2021-06-28 |
| Advisor: | Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade Amorim |
| Abstract | |
Microscale numerical models that are able to simulate the thermal conditions of complex urban environments are increasingly being used to plan scenarios for climate adaptation and assess the benefits of heat mitigation measures. In this thesis, the cooling impacts of urban heat mitigation strategies in Presidente Prudente-SP Local Climate Zones (LCZs) are evaluated using ENVI-met, with the hypothesis that LCZs require different heat reduction strategies that consider the conditions of each landscape to reduce urban temperatures. First, the formation of heat islands in compact low- and mid-rise neighborhoods during typical winter and summer days are addressed. For the base case scenarios, calibration and validation of ENVI-met are conducted through in situ observations to improve the performance of the simulations and assess the model biases and reliability of the results. The simulations of urban heat mitigation strategies focus on the assessment of absolute and normalized cooling impacts of reflective roofs and pavements. Their effects on air temperature are analyzed using the albedo cooling effectiveness metric (ACE), which is based on the fraction of the modified surface (λs?????? ) and intensity of the heat mitigation implementation (∆???????s?????? ). The data demonstrate that albedo-based implementations generate more cooling for daytime summer conditions. They also show that reflective pavements are more effective in reducing the pedestrian-level air temperature compared to the roof-level albedo increase. The implementation of the reflective pavements yields cooling of up to 0.45°C (LCZ 2: ∆???????s?????? = 0.20 and λs?????? = 0.34) per 0.10 albedo increase, whereas high-reflectivity roofs offer 0.14°C of cooling (LCZ 3: ∆???????s?????? = 0.36 and λs?????? = 0.47) for summer afternoon conditions. The efficacy of mitigation strategies is affected by several factors, including meteorological conditions, neighborhood characteristics, intensity of implementation, and the model’s ability to represent physical processes. This highlights the importance of appropriate model evaluation and implementation of heat reduction strategies that account for the context of each site to design scenarios with the most effective adaptation measures. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 17/03514-6 - Urban climate modeling: dynamics and scenarios |
| Grantee: | Renata dos Santos Cardoso |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |