Female pathological gambling: clinical and personality features

Author(s)

Silvia Saboia Martins

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Faculdade de Medicina (FM/SBD)
• Defense date: 2003-08-01

Examining board members

Valentim Gentil Filho; Laura Helena Silveira Guerra de Andrade; Ronaldo Ramos Laranjeira; Paulo Rossi Menezes; Monica Levit Zilberman

• Advisor: Valentim Gentil Filho; Hermano Tavares

Abstract

Over the last years, more women are having gambling problems, similar to what has happened in alcohol and drug addiction. This phenomenon, according to previous studies, can be related to different variables: the growth of new gambling venues with increased access for women, such as electronic bingo venues, the fact that women gamble to escape from problems and to minimize depression, and a faster progression (telescoping effect- T.E.) of social gambling to pathological gambling (PG) in women. Even though the T.E. has been identified in different studies, little has been done to investigate its causes. As an effort to clarify this matter, this thesis investigates possible gender differences that might explain T.E. and that might be important for prevention and treatment strategies of PG. We compare 78 male and 78 female gamblers regarding: sociodemographic characteristics, clinical features, psychiatric comorbidities, personality and game preferences; and risk-taking behaviors. Pathological gamblers were assessed for diagnosis through the SOGS (South Oaks Gambling Screen) and the DSM-IV criteria for PG; the SCAN (Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry) was used to investigate psychiatric comorbidity; and the TCI (Temperament and Character Inventory), and the BIS (Barratt Impulsiveness Scale version 11) were used to investigate personality features. More females are single; females start gambling and have gambling problems later in life than males. More females prefer electronic games and gamble to escape from problems. Males have more diagnosis of alcohol abuse/dependence, while females have more diagnosis of depression. Besides gender, starting to gamble later in life and preference for electronic games both features associated to female gamblers, are responsible for T.E. in PG. The clinical differences observed between genders lead to the conclusion that this variable should be considered in prevention and treatment strategies for PG. It must be remembered that female gamblers, who effectively have a faster progression to PG - which reduces the window for prevention - , are the ones who resist to seek professional treatment for PG or Gamblers Anonymous (G.A.) groups. (AU)