Purification and characterization of peptides present in the Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom

Author(s)

Bruno Duzzi

• Document type: Doctoral Thesis
• Press: São Paulo.
• Institution: Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas (ICB/SDI)
• Defense date: 2018-10-18

Examining board members

Fernanda Calheta Vieira Portaro; Cristina Northfleet de Albuquerque; Ivo Lebrun; Maria Teresa Machini; Vitor Marcelo Silveira Bueno Brandão de Oliveira

• Advisor: Fernanda Calheta Vieira Portaro; Vanessa Rioli

Abstract

Reports of scorpions accidents with humans are increasing in Brazil, with some of the cases resulting in death. Among the scorpions from the Brazilian fauna, Tityus serrulatus is considered the most dangerous species, due to its easy adaptation in urban centers, and because it brings severe clinical manifestations in the victims, such as fever, psychomotor agitation, arterial hypertension followed by hypotension and acute pulmonary edema. Among the venom components that stand out are the peptides structured by disulfide bonds, which are richly reported in the literature and act on Na+ and K+ channels. In contrast, linear peptides are poorly characterized. From this evidence, our group identified linear peptides of the venom using the serine protease elastase screening. This enzyme was chosen because it is involved in inflammatory processes, such as cases of acute pulmonary edema, one of the main symptoms of scorpionism caused by T. serrulatus. More than 700 peptide sequences where found and, through a careful process using protein databases and the literature, from these all, we selected nine novel (TsP1 to TsP9) and two already characterized (hypotensins I and II) sequences for synthesis. Among these molecules, we identified possible cryptides derived from Ts19 and others molecules, with different processing involving combination of different peptide sequences (chimeric peptides), which are here firstly reported and investigated in the venom of T. serrulatus. In addition to elastase, we tested other enzymes of medical importance - trypsin, ACE and NEP - with the synthetic peptides, aiming to increase the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in scorpionism and also based on the biotechnological potential of peptidase-modulator molecules. Peptides that may have an action in inflammatory processes were highlighted, since they were able to increase the activity of elastase and trypsin, especially the TsP5, which also showed intermediate cytotoxicity. Some peptides increased the ACE activity, with the peptide TsP2 capable of potentializing the action of bradykinin in vivo. Hypotensin I was characterized as a noncompetitive inhibitor of NEP (Ki = 4.35 µM) and may indicate the possible inhibition of this metallopeptidase in cases of hypotension, where hypotensin I may act synergistically with [des-Arg1] - Proctolin (Kµ = 0.94 µM for NEP), a linear peptide present in the venom already characterized by our group. The peptides were not recognized by the antiscorpion and antiarachinid sera produced by the Butantan Institute and may indicate limitations in the immunotherapy. Finally, in addition to the new identified peptides, we concluded the in vivo characterization of FTR, a tripeptide that presented antinociceptive properties in our previous studies. In the present work, we demonstrate that this peptide is able to act in the opioid pathway, acting directly on delta receptors. Thus, with the identification and characterization of these molecules we obtained new data regarding possible origins and processing, toxic actions in the envenomation and biotechnological potential of some linear peptides of T. serrulatus venom. (AU)

• FAPESP's process: 14/12976-5 - Purification and characterization of peptides present in the venom of the scorpion Tityus serrulatus
• Grantee: Bruno Duzzi
• Support Opportunities: Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate