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| Author(s): |
Ancély Ferreira dos Santos
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | São Paulo. |
| Institution: | Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Conjunto das Químicas (IQ e FCF) (CQ/DBDCQ) |
| Defense date: | 2016-07-01 |
| Examining board members: |
Leticia Labriola;
Hernandes Faustino de Carvalho;
Ana Paula Lepique;
Sayuri Miyamoto;
Eduardo Moraes Rego Reis
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| Advisor: | Leticia Labriola; Mauricio da Silva Baptista |
| Abstract | |
Breast cancer is the main cause of mortality among women presenting high recurrence due to primary treatment failure. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) appears as a promising therapeutic alternative. However, the efficacy of PDT to treat breast tumors as well as the mechanisms that lead to tumorigenic cell death remain unclear. For this purpose, in this study, we set out to deeper investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in MB-PDT induced cell death. We observed that MB-PDT differentially induces massive cell death of tumor cells. Non-malignant cells were significantly more resistant to the therapy compared to malignant cells. Morphological and biochemical analysis of dying cells pointed to alternative mechanisms rather than classical apoptosis. MB-PDT-induced autophagy resulted in either cytoprotection or cytotoxicity depending on the cell model used. However, impairment of one of these pathways did not prevent the fatal destination of MB-PDT treated cells. When analyzing regulated necrosis mechanisms, we observed that necroptosis played an important role in MB-PDT-induced cell death. Additionaly, our results have shown preferential lysosomal MB localization. Furthermore, we have also presented evidences that the lysosome membrane permeabilization is another regulated necrosis mechanism responsible for MB-PDT cytotoxic effects. It is known that in addition to resistance to tumor cell killing therapies, malignant cells develop molecular mechanisms in order to evade the immune system. In this study, we have also been able to show that the MB-PDT has the potential to increase the number of T lymphocytes CD4+. Additionally, when using a physiological 3D culture model that recapitulates relevant features of normal and tumor breast tissue morphology, we found that MB-PDT differential action in killing tumor cell was even higher than what was detected in 2D cultures. In summary, we demonstrated that different cell death mechanisms are being activated upon MB-PDT induction, since impairment of only one cell death pathway did not prevent the fatal destination of MB-PDT treated cells. Overall, our observations point MB-PDT as an alternative and effective therapy for breast cancer treatment, displaying a broad-spectrum action on tumors with different resistance mechanisms to classic cell death pathways, a desired property for improving an anticancer therapy. Finally, our observations underscore the potential of MB-PDT as a highly efficient strategy to safely treat breast cancer and possibly other types of tumors. (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 12/16785-4 - Unvealing the signaling pathways involved in the cytotoxic effects of photodynamic therapy in human breast cancer cells |
| Grantee: | Ancély Ferreira dos Santos |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate |