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| Author(s): |
Monise Helen Masuchi
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Engenharia Química |
| Defense date: | 2014-11-04 |
| Examining board members: |
Theo Guenter Kieckbusch;
Ana Paula Badan Ribeiro;
Kelly Moreira Bezerra Gandra;
Lisandro Pavie Cardoso;
Luiz Antonio Gioielli
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| Advisor: | Renato Grimaldi; Theo Guenter Kieckbusch |
| Abstract | |
The crystallization behavior of cocoa butter (CB) is the crucial structuration issue in the development of chocolate products with significant resistance to fat bloom - a common defect in chocolates, characterized by a whitish appearance and loss of surface gloss due to local lipid re-crystallization. To control and strengthening the crystallization patterns of CB in chocolates processing, in this work it was evaluated the influence of the addition of sorbitan monoesters (monolaurate, monopalmitate, monostearate and monooleate) and cocoa butter stearin (obtained by solvent fractionation of CB) in the crystallization and consistency behaviors as well as on the microstructure and polymorphism of CB. Sorbitan monoesters at three different concentrations (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5% w/w) were added to CB samples and their possible functioning as crystallization modifiers were evaluated. Sorbitan monostearate (SMS) pointed out as the most effective structurant among all emulsifiers tested, a performance attributable to its solubility in organic medium and the ability of self-assembling. Adding 0.5% of SMS to cocoa butter promoted a sharp increase in the onset of the crystallization temperature (from 19.3 to 21.6°C) and a 60% increase in the consistency at 10°C, and the classic two-step isothermal crystallization behavior was smoothed out. In parallel, CB fractionation runs conducted at 17ºC using acetone (CB:solvent = 1:7) produced a symmetric monounsaturated triacylglycerol-rich stearin that were added to cocoa butter at three proportions of CB:stearin (95:5, 90:10 and 80:20, w/w) and main physical-chemical attributes of these mixtures were determined. Compared to pure cocoa butter, the 80:20 mixture showed an increment of 67% in the consistency at 10°C and considerable higher crystallization rates at 17.5°C were found. CB containing 0.5% of SMS and the 80:20 mixture of cocoa butter and cocoa butter stearin were used in dark chocolate bars production. The bars were characterized by visual comparative ratings, snap test, whiteness index, SEM microstructure observations, DSC melting behavior and polymorphism by X-ray diffraction. Storage tests under normal and accelerated conditions confirmed a considerable deceleration in the fat bloom formation rate in samples containing the crystallization crystallization modifiers. The polymorphic transition from Form V to Form VI - which is the most acceptable mechanism for fat bloom formation in chocolates stored under abusive temperature conditions - could be correlated with the onset of surface bloom (AU) | |
| FAPESP's process: | 12/10871-6 - Comparative study of the influence of emulsifiers sorbitan esters and sucrose esters on the crystallization behaviour and polymorphism of cocoa butter and lipid model system |
| Grantee: | Monise Helen Masuchi Buscato |
| Support Opportunities: | Scholarships in Brazil - Doctorate (Direct) |