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| Author(s): |
Manoel Orlando Alvarez Méndez
Total Authors: 1
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| Document type: | Doctoral Thesis |
| Press: | Campinas, SP. |
| Institution: | Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Faculdade de Engenharia Química |
| Defense date: | 2014-08-09 |
| Examining board members: |
Antônio Carlos Luz Lisbôa;
Guilherme José de Castilho;
Igor Tadeu Lazzarotto Bresolin;
Choyu Otani;
Luiz Claudio Pardini
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| Advisor: | Aparecido dos Reis Coutinho; Antônio Carlos Luz Lisbôa |
| Abstract | |
Natural gas (NG) is a energy source found in underground rock formations or associated with petroleum reservoirs. Brazil's annual natural gas consumption in 2013 was 36.8 billion cubic meters, equivalent to 1.1% of world consumption of 3.35 trillion cubic meters. According to the Ministry of Mines and Energy of Brazil, in 2013 the NG was approximately 12% of the domestic energy supply, an increase of around 16% from 2012 to 2013. However this offer is facing increasing problems due to high cost of transportation and storage, and because of its low energy density in standard conditions of temperature and pressure when compared to petroleum-derived liquid fuels. The two conventional methods of storage and transportation of natural gas is the liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG). The Adsorbed NG (ANG) is a promising alternative to conventional methods because at moderate pressures around 4.0 MPa, the adsorbent has a higher storage capacity than an empty storage tank, due to the adsorption of natural gas in the micropores of the adsorbent, which allows the use of lighter and safer tanks. In the present work production of activated carbon (AC) was made from waste or by-products of low cost from industries, in order to evaluate the applicability of these AC in ANG systems, and to evaluate the influence of their characteristics on the heat transfer of the asdorbent bed. Petroleum coke and biomass were activated physically and/or chemically. These materials were characterized by nitrogen gas adsorption at 77 K in order to identify wich materials and wich production conditions are better suited for use in ANG systems. Measurements of methane storage were carried out to evaluate the methane adsorption capacity of the AC as a function of pressure and temperature. The methane storage results were analyzed by adsorption virial relations, Toth adsorption model, potential adsorption model and Dubinin-Stoeckli model, allowing to obtain adsorption parameters such as pore distribution and adsorption energies. A heat transfer model in the adsorbent bed was developed considering heat transfer and adsorption equilibrium. The data obtained ny this model allow evaluate parameters related to the termal effects of the adsorbent bed and how this parameters affects the storage operation. Temperature profiles within the bed storage as function of the radial position and time of storage were obtained considering different scenarios by heat exchange through tank wall (AU) | |